¿Están los grandes repetidores adictos a los comportamientos suicidas?

Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla, Paula Artieda-Urrutia, Nuria Berenguer-Elias, Juan Manuel Garcia-Vega, Monica Fernandez-Rodriguez, Cesar Rodriguez-Lomas, Isabel Gonzalez-Villalobos, Luis Iruela-Cuadrado, José de Leon

Resumen


La escasa literatura existente sugiere que los “grandes repetidores” (individuos con 5 intentos de suicidio a lo largo de la vida) pueden ser considerados “adictos” a los comportamientos suicidas. Este estudio explora si los grandes repetidores sufren una adicción a los comportamientos suicidas usando 7 criterios: tolerancia (Criterio 1), abstinencia (Criterio 2), perdida de control (Criterio 3), problemas para dejar de tener o disminuir esos comportamientos (Criterio 4), uso de tiempo excesivo (Criterio 5), reducción importante de actividades (Criterio 6), y consecuencias físicas adversas (Criterio 7). La dependencia total a los comportamientos suicidas era diagnosticada si el sujeto cumplía 3 o más de los 7 criterios en los últimos 12 meses. Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado integramente en el Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro (Madrid, Spain), donde fueron recrutados 118 individuos que se presentaron en los servicios de urgencia por un intento de suicidio, incluyendo 8 grandes repetidores (7%, 8/118), siendo todos ellos mujeres. Se estimó si había asociaciones estadísticamente significativas y el tamaño del efecto con la razón de oportuniades y los intervalos de confianza (95%) entre cada uno de los criterios de adicción a los comportamientos suicidas, la dependencia fisiológica, y la dependencia total. Nuestra hipótesis se verificó, ya que los grandes repetidores presentaron con mayor frecuencia criterios para la dependencia a las conductas suicidas, OR=62.9 (6.4-615). Usamos un modelo de regresión logistica para estamiar el riesgo de la asociación entre ser un gran repetidor y la dependencia total corregido por diferentes variables. La edad, el trastorno de pánico sin agorafobia, el trastorno de personalidad límite, la historia de ingresos previos en unidad de hospitalización psiquiátrica, y la dependencia total a los comportamientos suicidas fueron introducidos como variables independientes y la categoría de grandes repetidores como variable dependiente. El modelo final seleccionó la dependencia tota y la edad como las variables estadísticamente significativas en el último paso. En conclusión, nuestro estudio sugiere que los grandes repetidores podrían ser individuos adictos a los comportamientos suicidas. 


Palabras clave


Grandes repetidores; comportamiento suicida; adicción; trastorno de personalidad límite.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.38

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