Envíe este artículo por correo electrónico Estudios controlados en humanos de éxtasis
Resumen
Objetivo: recopilar y analizar la información sobre los efectos de la MDMA obtenida en estudios controlados en humanos. Método: la mayoría de ensayos analizados han sido de diseño enmascarado a doble ciego, cruzados, con asignación aleatoria a la secuencia de tratamientos, y controlados con placebo y/o fármaco patrón. Resultados: además del incremento de la presión y frecuencia cardíaca, la MDMA incrementa el consumo miocárdico de oxígeno sin efectos inotrópicos y puede incrementar el intervalo QTc en el ECG. El aumento de temperatura no fue significativo frente a placebo. Produce euforia, bienestar y activación. No se han descrito ni alucinaciones ni ilusiones. En el EEG aumenta la actividad beta y disminuye la alfa. Aumenta de forma dosis-dependiente las concentraciones de ACTH, cortisol, prolactina, dihidroepiandrosterona y vasopresina. Inmunológicamente su efecto parece ser inmunosupresor. Su farmacocinética parece ser no-lineal con tendencia a la acumulación a dosis alta. Conclusiones: los estudios controlados han permitido conocer mejor la MDMA, profundizando en sus efectos subjetivos, y aportando datos originales en cuanto a cambios hormonales e inmunológicos. Se necesitan más estudios para determinar científicamente los efectos y toxicidad de la MDMA.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.457
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