Rasgos patológicos de personalidad y metabolitos cerebrales como predictores de no abstinencia en adictos con trastornos de personalidad

Daniel Serrani Azcurra

Resumen


Se investigaron diferencias en rasgos de personalidad patológicos y alteraciones en metabolitos cerebrales entre no consumidores, consumidores abstinentes y no abstinentes. Los participantes (n=113) entre 18–45 años con trastorno de personalidad (TP) fueron diagnosticados con entrevistas clínicas y escalas para depresión, ansiedad, impulsividad y dimensiones de patologías de personalidad. Los metabolitos cerebrales se analizaron con resonancia magnética con espectroscopía. Los datos se analizaron con ANOVA y comparaciones múltiples. Abstinentes y no abstinentes se distinguieron de no consumidores por desregulación emocional, inhibición, y expresión restringida; abstinentes y no abstinentes se distinguieron entre sí en auto-agresión, comportamiento disocial, problemas de conducta, búsqueda de estímulos y problemas de intimidad. Niveles de N-Acetil Aspartato y Creatina fueron menores para no abstinentes en cortezas prefrontal, cingulada anterior, vermis cerebeloso y corona radiada superior.
Para abstinentes, niveles de colina fueron mayores en vermis cerebeloso y
niveles de n-acetil aspartato fueron menores en corteza prefrontal dorsolateral, cingulada anterior e ínsula. En cuanto a rasgos de personalidad, apego inseguro, narcisismo, labilidad, autoagresión y ansiedad caracterizan a consumidores y abstinentes; en tanto suspicacia, rechazo y dureza de carácter se encuentran en consumidores (no abstinentes y abstinentes). Rasgos compulsivos, impulsión corporal no planeada, y descontrol en regulación de emociones predominaron en no abstinentes y participantes con co-morbilidades. Desapego e inhibición predominan en Trastorno por uso de Alcohol y rasgos narcisistas en uso de Sustancias.


Palabras clave


espectroscopia; personalidad; consumo de sustancias; abstinencia; no abstinencia; metabolitos cerebrales

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.48

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