Utilidad terapéutica del Cannabis y derivados

P. Lorenzo, J. C. Leza

Resumen


En este capítulo se expone el estado actual del conocimiento sobre las propiedades terapéuticas del Cannabis (marihuana y derivados sintéticos). En los últimos años se han presentado un gran número de evidencias científicas sobre las propiedades terapéuticas de los cannabinoides, en especial analgesia, disminución de la presión intraocular, efecto antiemético en vómitos inducidos por quimioterapia antineoplásica, propiedades relajantes musculares en esclerosis múltiple, traumatismos medulares y alteraciones del movimiento. Además, algunas aportaciones recientes indican otros posibles usos de estas sustancias como neuroprotectores (en modelos animales de enfermedades neurodegenerativas e isquemia cerebral), antiasmáticos y anticonvulsivantes. Más recientemente, algunos compuestos naturales y agentes sintéticos agonistas de receptores CB han demostrado efectos antineoplásicos in vivo e in vitro. En la actualidad se está llevando a cabo un amplio debate internacional sobre las evidencias científicas versus las restricciones de tipo legal sobre el posible uso de estos compuestos. Se necesitan más estudios clínicos cpn el fin de establecer qué dosis, vías de administración son las más adecuadas en cada caso, así como el balance entre beneficio y riesgo comparando los cannabinoides con otras estrategias terapéuticas.


Palabras clave


cannabinoides; marihuana; usos médicos; usos terapéuticos; problemas legales

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.678

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