Reducción de la mortalidad mediante una mejor detección de la hipertensión y los problemas con el alcohol en atención primaria de salud en España

Jürgen Rehm, Gerrit Gmel, Cristina Sierra, Antoni Gual

Resumen


Se estudian mediante una simulación los potenciales beneficios que puede comportar una mejora en la detección y tratamiento de la hipertensión y de los problemas relacionados con el alcohol. Los resultados muestran que si el 50% de los varones españoles entre 40 y 64 años que desconocen que padecen hipertensión fuesen detectados y recibiesen tratamiento; y si en el 50% de los varones hipertensos se realizase el cribado de consumo alcohólico y recibieran consejo para la reducción de consumos o tratamiento cuando procediera, el porcentaje de hipertensión no controlada descendería del 61,2% al 55,9% (una reducción del 8,6%). Un tercio del efecto es atribuible a la intervención sobre el alcohol. De forma similar, las mismas intervenciones en mujeres de los mismos grupos etarios implicarían una reducción del 7,4% de la hipertensión no controlada (40% debido a la intervención sobre alcohol). La reducción de la presión arterial en la población permitiría evitar 412 muertes prematuras por patología cardiovascular (346 varones y 66 mujeres) anualmente. Una mejor detección de la hipertensión y el cribado de consumos alcohólicos con las consiguientes intervenciones resultarían en una marcada reducción de la hipertensión no controlada y de las muertes de origen cardiovascular.

Palabras clave


presión arterial; hipertensión; consumo de alcohol; trastornos por consumo de alcohol; atención primaria de salud; cribado; detección; intervención; simulación.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.726

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