Comorbilidad psiquiátrica en una muestra de pacientes con dependencia de cocaína atendidos ambulatoriamente en la red drogas de la Comunidad de Madrid

Isabel Martínez-Gras, Francisco Ferre Navarrete, Jesús Pascual Arriazu, José Peñas Pascual, Mariano de Iceta Ruiz de Gauna, David Fraguas Herráez, Gabriel Rubio Valladolid, Organisation GIPA

Resumen


El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia actual de trastornos psiquiátricos en pacientes dependientes de cocaína atendidos en los diferentes centros de tratamiento en la Comunidad de Madrid. Se trata de un estudio multicéntrico prospectivo realizado con una muestra de 197 sujetos con dependencia de cocaína. El instrumento de evaluación utilizado fue la Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM-IV) (Entrevista de Investigación Psiquiátrica para Trastornos Mentales y Sustancias). La prevalencia actual de comorbilidad psiquiátrica encontrada fue del 64.0%. Los trastornos psiquiátricos más frecuentes no relacionados con el consumo fueron el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (34,5%) y los trastornos depresivos (13,7%). El trastorno por uso de sustancias más frecuente fue la dependencia del alcohol (28.4%). Los pacientes dependientes de cocaína que presentaron un trastorno depresivo y los que presentaron dependencia del alcohol mostraron un perfil clínico de mayor gravedad y un mayor grado de psicopatología medido a través de diferentes instrumentos de evaluación en relación con los pacientes que sólo presentaban dependencia de la cocaína. Estos datos sugieren que la presencia de comorbilidad psiquiátrica podría constituir un factor de riesgo asociado a la gravedad de la dependencia de la cocaína. La heterogeneidad clínica encontrada recomienda la búsqueda de tratamientos individualizados que se ajusten de manera mas especifica a las necesidades de esta población.


Palabras clave


Cocaína; trastornos relacionados con sustancias; dependencia del alcohol; trastornos Depresivos; PRISM.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.785

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