Experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y consumo de cannabis en adolescentes de la población general Psychotic-like experiences and cannabis use in adolescents from the general population

Autores/as

  • Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero Universidad de La Rioja. CIBERSAM. PRISMA.
  • Beatriz Lucas-Molina Universitat de València
  • Alicia Pérez-Albéniz Universidad de La Rioja. PRISMA.
  • Félix Inchausti PRISMA. Servicio Riojano de Salud.
  • Javier Ortuño-Sierra Universidad de La Rioja. PRISMA.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1149

Palabras clave:

Riesgo de psicosis, Adolescencia, Cannabis, Consumo de drogas, Experiencias psicóticas atenuadas. Risk of psychosis, Adolescence, Cannabis, Drugs use, Psychotic-like experiences.

Resumen

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre las experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y el consumo de cannabis en una muestra representativa de adolescentes de la población general. Un total de 1,588 estudiantes (M=16,13 años; DT = 1,36), 739 eran hombres (46,5%), pertenecientes a 34 escuelas y 98 aulas, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado por conglomerados, fueron encuestados. Los instrumentos administrados fueron el Cuestionario de Pródromos de Psicosis-Breve, el Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades, el Cuestionario de Consumo de Sustancias Modificado, el Penn Matrix Reasoning Test (PMRT), la Family Affluence Scale-II y la Escala Oviedo de Infrecuencia de Respuesta. Los resultados mostraron que un porcentaje de adolescentes informaron de experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y/o consumo de cannabis. Antes de controlar el efecto de múltiples covariables (género, edad, nivel socio-económico, consumo de tabaco, problemas emocionales y CI), los jóvenes consumidores de cannabis informaron de un mayor riesgo teórico de psicosis. Cuando se controló el efecto de las covariables, las experiencias psicóticas no se asociaron con el consumo de cannabis. El análisis mediacional indicó que los problemas en el ajuste emocional y comportamental mediaban en la relación entre consumo de cannabis y experiencias psicotiformes. Parece ser que, una vez controlado el efecto de las múltiples variables de confundido, el uso de cannabis aumenta el riesgo de psicopatología comórbida y esta a su vez el riesgo de psicosis (mayor frecuencia de experiencias psicóticas). Estos resultados sugieren que la relación que se establece entre las experiencias psicóticas y el cannabis es compleja y se encuentra mediada por variables relevantes. Futuros estudios deberán examinar las interacciones Gen x Ambiente en estudios longitudinales.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between psychotic-like experiences and cannabis use in a representative sample of adolescents from the general population. A total of 1,588 students (M=16.13 years, SD = 1.36), 739 men (46.5%), selected by stratified random sampling by conglomerates from 98 classes in 34 schools participated in the survey. The instruments used were the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Modified Substance Use Questionnaire, the Penn Matrix Reasoning Test, the Family Affluence Scale-II, and the Oviedo Infrequency Scale. Results showed that a percentage of adolescents reported psychotic-like experiences and/or cannabis use. Prior to controlling for multiple confounders (gender, age, socio-economic level, alcohol use, smoking, emotional and behavioral problems, and IQ), cannabis use was associated with psychotic-like experiences. After adjustment for confounders, psychotic-like experiences were not seen to be associated with cannabis use. Mediational analyses showed that emotional and behavioral problems mediate the relationship between cannabis use and risk of psychosis. It seems that once the effect of multiple confounding variables is controlled for, the use of cannabis increases the risk of comorbid psychopathology and this in turn increases the risk of psychosis. These results suggest that the relationships established between psychotic experiences and cannabis are complex and mediated by relevant variables. Further studies should examine this relationship in follow-up studies and gene-environmental designs.

Biografía del autor/a

Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero, Universidad de La Rioja. CIBERSAM. PRISMA.

Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de La Rioja, España.Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, España.Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), España.

Beatriz Lucas-Molina, Universitat de València

Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universitat de València, España.

Alicia Pérez-Albéniz, Universidad de La Rioja. PRISMA.

Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de La Rioja, España.Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), España.

Félix Inchausti, PRISMA. Servicio Riojano de Salud.

Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), España.Unidad de Salud Mental Infanto Juvenil Espartero, Servicio Riojano de Salud, España.

Javier Ortuño-Sierra, Universidad de La Rioja. PRISMA.

Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de La Rioja, España.Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), España.

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2019-03-28

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Vol. 32 Núm. 1 (2020)

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