La entrevista motivacional en el tratamiento del tabaquismo: una revisión

Autores/as

  • Bárbara Piñeiro Unidad de Tabaquismo, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Enviar correspondencia a: Bárbara Piñeiro Neiro. Unidad de tabaquismo. Facultad de Psicología. Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Campus Universitario Sur. 15782 Santiago de Compostela. A Coruña.
  • María del Carmen Míguez Unidad de Tabaquismo, Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
  • Elisardo Becoña Unidad de Tabaquismo, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.177

Palabras clave:

entrevista motivacional, tratamiento, tabaco, intervenciones breves, revisión, dejar de fumar

Resumen

La Entrevista Motivacional (EM) ha demostrado su eficacia en un amplio rango de conductas adictivas. Sin embargo, con el tabaco es donde resulta más difícil demostrar su eficacia. La EM proporciona estrategias motivacionales específicas para cada estadio de cambio. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los estudios que investigan el uso de la EM en el tratamiento del tabaquismo con el fin de ofrecer una actualización de su eficacia. Para ello, se han revisado las investigaciones más importantes, publicadas a nivel internacional y en España. La revisión de los 33 estudios seleccionados nos lleva a concluir que es muy difícil evaluar y comparar los resultados de los estudios entre sí, debido a la variabilidad y heterogeneidad de los mismos. De ahí que sea en este campo donde se muestren los resultados más contradictorios sobre su eficacia. Se necesita, por lo tanto, más investigación para determinar la fiabilidad y las posibles explicaciones para los hallazgos discrepantes observados en el tabaquismo. Finalmente se sugiere la necesidad de conocer dónde y cómo interviene la EM dentro del tratamiento y qué condiciones podrían afectar a su eficacia.

Biografía del autor/a

Bárbara Piñeiro, Unidad de Tabaquismo, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Enviar correspondencia a: Bárbara Piñeiro Neiro. Unidad de tabaquismo. Facultad de Psicología. Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Campus Universitario Sur. 15782 Santiago de Compostela. A Coruña.

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2010-12-01

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