Los estudios del coste del alcoholismo: marco conceptual, limitaciones y resultados en España

Aníbal García-Sempere, E. Portella

Resumen


Los estudios sobre las consecuencias económicas del alcoholismo utilizan usualmente la metodología de “estudio del coste de la enfermedad”, donde el impacto de un determinado problema de salud sobre el bienestar de la sociedad se valora mediante la cuantificación de los costes de los recursos empleados para su prevención y tratamiento, los costes legales atribuibles, las pérdidas de productividad derivadas de la morbilidad y mortalidad específicas y la pérdida de años de vida ajustados por calidad. En España, y siguiendo esta metodología, se han valorado los costes del alcoholismo en más de 630.000 millones de pesetas anuales. Estos estudios han recibido críticas en relación con la identificación, medida y cuantificación de los costes, y su utilidad es discutida. Sin embargo, y pese a determinadas limitaciones, los estudios del coste de la enfermedad aproximan a la magnitud del problema, contribuyen a identificar los aspectos del problema que suponen un coste más elevado y, ayudan a orientar las políticas. El ajuste a las guías metodológicas y la explicitación detallada de las fuentes y métodos utilizados es un requisito necesario para su credibilidad.


Palabras clave


economía; coste de la enfermedad; alcoholismo; salud pública

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.545

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