Desarrollo y validación de la versión corta del cuestionario sobre expectativas de los efectos del alcohol (EQ-SF)

Laura Mezquita, Laura Camacho, Carlos Suso-Ribera, Generós Ortet, Manuel I. Ibáñez

Resumen


Las expectativas sobre los efectos del alcohol son una variable proximal al consumo de alcohol. Uno de los instrumentos más usados y recomendados para evaluar este constructo es el Expectancy Questionnaire (EQ; Leigh y Stacy, 1993). El objetivo es desarrollar una versión corta del EQ (EQ-SF) útil para administraciones en las que el tiempo de evaluación es reducido. Dos muestras, una de adolescentes (N = 514, 57,20% mujeres) y una de adultos (N = 548, 61,50% mujeres), completaron el EQ y diversas medidas sobre consumo de alcohol. Se utilizaron diversas estrategias para seleccionar los 24 ítems. Se exploró la estructura del EQ-SF mediante análisis factoriales confirmatorios y la invarianza de medida entre sexos y grupos de edad realizando análisis multigrupo. Se calculó la fiabilidad de las escalas mediante el alfa de Cronbach y el coeficiente omega, y la validez concurrente a través de análisis de regresión. La invariancia entre grupos fue aceptable. Los coeficientes alfa y omega iban de ,77 a ,93. Las expectativas positivas predijeron la cantidad de alcohol consumida y los problemas derivados del consumo, mientras que las negativas predijeron los problemas derivados. Sexo y edad moderaron estas asociaciones. Los hombres con elevadas expectativas positivas bebían más que las mujeres, mientras que los adultos con elevadas expectativas negativas mostraron mayores problemas derivados del consumo que los adolescentes. Las diferentes fuentes de evidencia sobre la validez y fiabilidad del EQ-SF sugieren que es un instrumento adecuado para evaluar las expectativas sobre los efectos del alcohol en población española.

Palabras clave


expectativas; alcohol; EQ-SF; evaluación; propiedades psicométricas

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.920

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