Tipos de violencia en la infancia que inciden en el abuso y dependencia de cannabis entre adolescentes: una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis Influence of the type of childhood violence on cannabis abuse and dependence among adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Autores/as

  • Lucía Martínez-Mota Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz
  • Graciela Jiménez-Rubio Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz
  • Olivia Tania Hernández Hernández Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología.
  • Nayeli Páez-Martínez Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Instituto Politécnico Nacional

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1050

Palabras clave:

Uso de cannabis, Abuso infantil, Infancia, Adolescencia, Violencia. Cannabis abuse, Child abuse, Childhood, Adolescents, Violence.

Resumen

El uso recreativo de cannabis ha incrementado en todo el mundo, principalmente en la población adolescente. Se ha propuesto que la adversidad en la infancia contribuye al consumo de esta droga. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática y metaanálisis fue analizar el efecto de diferentes tipos de violencia en la infancia sobre el consumo de cannabis en la adolescencia. Se realizó una búsqueda en diferentes bases de datos (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Ovid y CONRICyT) usando los términos de búsqueda: ((“Cannabis” OR “Marijuana Smoking” OR “Marijuana Abuse”) AND (“Child Abuse” OR “Domestic Violence” AND “Adolescent”)), considerando todos los artículos publicados hasta el 3 de noviembre de 2017. Se calcularon los Odds Ratio (OR) del consumo de cannabis en adolescentes, para los diferentes tipos de abuso infantil, así como sus intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC 95%). Se identificaron seis estudios, que incluyeron 10 843 adolescentes de uno u otro sexo. La asociación entre la violencia y el abuso/dependencia de cannabis en la adolescencia mostró los siguientes valores: abuso físico (OR: 1,58, IC 95% [1,01–2,46]), abuso sexual (OR: 2,35, IC 95% [1,64–3,35]), y ser testigo de violencia (OR: 3,22, IC 95% [0,63–16,54]). Los resultados muestran que el abuso sexual o físico durante etapas tempranas de la vida aumenta el riesgo de consumo de cannabis en la adolescencia. Los estudios que evaluaron otras formas de violencia fueron escasos. Los resultados destacan la importancia de diseñar programas integrales para reducir el uso y dependencia de cannabis mediante estrategias enfocadas a la prevención de la violencia en la infancia.
The use of cannabis for recreational purposes has increased worldwide, and the proportion of cannabis users in the adolescent population is high. Susceptibility to cannabis use involves various factors, including childhood adversity; however, the effects of different types of violence on cannabis use have not been evaluated. The aim of this review was to analyze the effects of different types of violence on cannabis use in adolescence. We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Ovid and CONRICyT) using the following algorithm: ((“Cannabis” OR “Marijuana Smoking” OR “Marijuana Abuse”) AND (“Child Abuse” OR “Domestic Violence” AND “Adolescent”)), considering all articles published up to November 3th, 2017. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the effects of experiencing different types of violence during childhood on cannabis use. Six studies, which represented 10 843 adolescents of both sexes, were ultimately included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Three types of early-life adversity were associated with cannabis abuse/dependence: physical abuse (OR: 1.58, 95% CI [1.01–2.46]), sexual abuse (OR: 2.35, 95% CI [1.64–3.35]), and witnessing violence (OR: 3.22, 95% CI [0.63–16.54]). The results indicated that two specific types of child maltreatment, sexual and physical abuse, were critical factors affecting vulnerability to cannabis use in adolescence. The number of studies examining other types of violence was limited. The results highlighted the importance of enhancing efforts to prevent violence, particularly sexual abuse, as part of integral programs designed to prevent cannabis abuse and dependence.

Biografía del autor/a

Lucía Martínez-Mota, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Calzada México Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, CP 14370, Ciudad de México, México

Graciela Jiménez-Rubio, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Calzada México Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, CP 14370, Ciudad de México, México

Olivia Tania Hernández Hernández, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología.

Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Calzada México Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, CP 14370, Ciudad de México, México.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Comisionada en el Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Calzada México Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, CP 14370, Ciudad de México, México.

Nayeli Páez-Martínez, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Calzada México Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, CP 14370, Ciudad de México, México.Sección de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, México.

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Publicado

2018-12-20

Número

Vol. 32 Núm. 1 (2020)

Sección

Revisión