Inicio y progresión en el consumo de sustancias en la población general de Cataluña, España Onset and progression of drug use in the general population of Catalonia, Spain

Autores/as

  • Albert Sánchez-Niubò A. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu. CIBERSAM
  • Luis Sordo CIBERESP. Universidad Complutense
  • Gregorio Barrio G. Instituto de Salud Carlos III
  • Blanca I. Indave CIBERESP. Instituto de Salud Carlos III
  • Antonia Domingo-Salvany A. Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1089

Palabras clave:

Tabaco, Cannabis, Cocaína, Edad de inicio, Vigilancia poblacional. Tobacco, Cannabis, Cocaine, Age of onset, Population surveillance.

Resumen

Este estudio tuvo como finalidad realizar un análisis retrospectivo de la secuencia de inicio y progresión de las vías más comunes del inicio del consumo de sustancias en una muestra de la población general española. Recopilamos datos de la encuesta nacional de las viviendas del año 2011 sobre el consumo de sustancias en Cataluña, España, respecto de personas no-institucionalizadas de la población general con edades entre los 15-64 años. La muestra final estaba compuesta de 2.069 personas con la misma distribución de edad que la población general. Mostramos la progresión en el inicio de consumo de sustancias mediante la cuantificación de los cambios de un estado anterior, en términos de número de personas y porcentajes ponderados. Aplicamos análisis de supervivencia para valorar las vías más prevalentes halladas en el análisis descriptivo usando modelos de regresión aditivos. La edad media de inicio de consumo fue decreciendo en todas las cohortes desde 1965 hasta 1985-1996: de 17 a 15 para tabaco, de 20 a 16 para cannabis y de 21 a 18 para cocaína. En las personas que usaban las tres sustancias estudiadas, la vía más frecuente fue “tabaco-uso diario de tabaco-cannabis-cocaína”. Dichos resultados requieren políticas de salud y estrategias de prevención para aumentar la percepción de los riesgos de las sustancias legales e ilegales. Esto, unido a intervenciones de compañeros bien diseñadas, podría reducir el riesgo de exposición de sustancias ilegales, como cannabis y cocaína, y, por tanto, reducir la probabilidad de un problema de consumo de sustancias en un futuro.
The aim of the present study was to retrospectively study the onset and progression sequence of the most frequent pathways of drug use initiation in a sample of the Spanish general population. Data come from the 2011 household survey on drug use in Catalonia, Spain, on non-institutionalized individuals aged 15-64 in the general population. The final sample was of 2,069 individuals and had the same age distribution as the general population. Progressions of drug initiation were pictured by quantifying transitions from a previous state in terms of the number of individuals and weighted percentages. Survival analyses were employed to assess the most prevalent pathways found in the descriptive analysis using additive regression models. Median ages of onset were decreasing in every cohort from 1965 to 1985-1996: from 17 to 15 in tobacco, 20 to 16 in cannabis and 21 to 18 in cocaine. In people who consumed the three drugs studied, the most frequent pathway was “tobacco-daily tobacco-cannabis-cocaine“. These results demand health policies and prevention strategies in order to increase perception of the risks of legal and illegal substances. This, together with well-designed peer interventions could reduce the risk of exposure to illegal drugs such as cannabis and cocaine, thus reducing the likelihood of future problem drug use.

Biografía del autor/a

Albert Sánchez-Niubò A., Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu. CIBERSAM

Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona. España.CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM). España.

Luis Sordo, CIBERESP. Universidad Complutense

CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP). España. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense, Madrid. España.

Gregorio Barrio G., Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Escuela Nacional de Sanidad. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid. España.

Blanca I. Indave, CIBERESP. Instituto de Salud Carlos III

CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP). España.Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid. España.

Antonia Domingo-Salvany A., Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas

Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología de las Drogas de Abuso. Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona. España.

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Publicado

2018-11-21

Número

Vol. 32 Núm. 1 (2020)

Sección

Originales