Relación entre las normas de género y el consumo de alcohol: una revisión sistemática The relationship between Gender Norms and Alcohol Consumption: A Systematic Review

Autores/as

  • Rosa María Patró-Hernández Universidad de Murcia
  • Yamal Nieto Robles Universidad de Murcia
  • Rosa María Limiñana-Gras Universidad de Murcia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1195

Palabras clave:

Normas de género, Masculinidad, Feminidad, Alcohol, Salud. Gender norms, Masculinity, Femininity, Alcohol, Health.

Resumen

El consumo de alcohol presenta perfiles diferenciales entre hombres y mujeres,  existiendo diferencias igualmente respecto al curso y pronóstico de los problemas derivados del abuso de alcohol. Existe evidencia acerca de estas diferencias en función del sexo, pero la investigación acerca de su relación con diferencias en función de dimensiones asociadas al género es más escasa. Con el objetivo de conocer qué es lo que se ha investigado sobre el tema, se revisa la literatura acerca de la relación entre la conformidad con las normas de género y consumo de alcohol en adultos. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el tema en las bases de datos PubMed, PsycINFO y ScienceDirect. Se incluyeron y analizaron 24 estudios publicados en inglés o español. Los resultados más importantes fueron: 1) la conformidad con normas asociadas al rol tradicional masculino (dominancia, donjuanismo, agresividad, conductas de riesgo) está relacionada, en general, con un mayor consumo de alcohol; 2) la conformidad con normas asociadas al rol tradicional femenino (interés en vida hogareña y cuidado de la familia) se asocia con menor consumo de alcohol. Estos hallazgos proporcionan evidencia acerca de la relación entre dimensiones asociadas al género y el consumo de alcohol. Se considera que las posibilidades de modificación de las creencias y patrones de género vinculados con comportamientos de riesgo es un aspecto a considerar en el ámbito de la prevención, siendo el desarrollo de medidas de género una tarea necesaria para continuar profundizando en el estudio de estas relaciones. 
There are different profiles of alcohol consumption for men and women, and different courses and prognoses associated with problems caused by alcohol abuse. There is evidence of these differences by sex, but research on their links to differences associated with gender dimensions is scarcer. In order to know what has been researched on the subject, this article reviews the literature regarding the relationship between conformity with gender norms and alcohol use and/or abuse in adults. A systematic review was conducted using the electronic databases of PubMed, PsycINFO and ScienceDirect. Twenty-four articles published in English or Spanish were included and analysed. The main findings were: 1) conformity to norms associated with traditional masculine role (dominance, womanising, aggressiveness, risk behaviours) is related to greater alcohol use; 2) conformity to norms associated with traditional feminine role (interest in home life and family care) is related with lower alcohol use. These findings provide evidence of the relationship between dimensions associated with gender and drinking. It is considered that the possibilities of modifying beliefs and gender patterns linked to risk behaviours is an aspect to be taken into account in the field of prevention, with the development of gender measures a necessary task to further deepen the study of these relationships. 

Biografía del autor/a

Rosa María Patró-Hernández, Universidad de Murcia

Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Murcia. 

Yamal Nieto Robles, Universidad de Murcia

Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Murcia.

Rosa María Limiñana-Gras, Universidad de Murcia

Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Murcia.

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Publicado

2019-03-29

Número

Vol. 32 Núm. 2 (2020)

Sección

Revisión