La asociación entre la exposición a la violencia, alcohol y drogas en el perfil psicosocial de adolescentes México-Americanos de bajos recursos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.125Palabras clave:
adolescentes, exposición a la violencia, exposición a las drogas, exposición al alcohol.Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio es estudiar la asociación que la exposición a la violencia, las drogas y el alcohol tienen en la configuración del perfil psicosocial de los adolescentes mexicano-americanos de bajo nivel socioeconómico. Se trata de un estudio transversal, conducido con una muestra de 881 adolescentes de origen mexicano que describieron su exposición a la violencia, las drogas y el alcohol; mientras que sus padres respondieron a un cuestionario para determinar problemas sociales, emocionales y de conducta de sus hijos. La información sobre los participantes se extrajo de bases de datos electrónicas de seis clínicas pediátricas en El Paso, Texas, en la frontera de Estados Unidos con México. Un total de 463 adolescentes (52,6%) informó no haber estado expuesto a ninguno de los riesgos. Los 418 adolescentes restantes (47,4%) indicaron una sola categoría de exposición: violencia (25,1%), alcohol (24,9%) y drogas (8,6%). Además, algunos adolescentes informaron sobre exposiciones combinadas: violencia y alcohol (13,4%), alcohol y drogas (14,6%) o, violencia, alcohol y drogas (13,4%). La asociación entre la exposición combinada a la violencia, las drogas y/o el alcohol y los perfiles psicosociales y de conducta de estos adolescentes muestra un aumento del riesgo de problemas emocionales y de conducta. Existe poca información sobre la salud mental de estos adolescentes viviendo en la pobreza en barrios de frontera entre EEUU y México que están expuestos a los riesgos del alcohol, la violencia y las drogas. Éstos resultados muestran la importancia de la asociación entre la exposición a estos riesgos y la necesidad de intervenciones efectivas dirigidas a estos subgrupos de jóvenes mexicano-americanos y sus familias.Citas
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