Caracterización conductual y neuroinmune de la resiliencia al estrés social: Efectos reforzantes de la cocaína Behavioral and neuroimmune characterization of resilience to social stress: Rewarding effects of cocaine

Autores/as

  • Francisco Ródenas-González Universidad de Valencia
  • María del Carmen Blanco-Gandía Universidad de Zaragoza
  • José Miñarro López Universidad de Valencia
  • Marta Rodriguez-Arias Universidad de Valencia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1348

Palabras clave:

Resiliencia, cocaína, estrés social, afrontamiento, interleucina 6. Resilience, cocaine, social stress, coping, interleukin 6.

Resumen

Numerosos estudios preclínicos han demostrado que el estrés social incrementa la vulnerabilidad a los efectos reforzantes de la cocaína. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos no son homogéneos, observándose siempre una subpoblación que no muestra dicho incremento. Utilizando el modelo de derrota social (DS) repetida en ratones, en este trabajo hemos querido caracterizar conductualmente a los ratones resilientes al incremento de los efectos reforzantes de la cocaína inducido por el estrés social. Utilizamos ratones adultos macho de la cepa C57/BL6 a los que sometimos al protocolo de DS repetida y tres semanas más tarde, realizamos el Condicionamiento de Preferencia de Lugar (CPL) inducido por una dosis no efectiva de cocaína (1mg/kg). Una vez finalizado este procedimiento se midieron los niveles estriatales de interleucina 6, ya que el estrés social produce una respuesta de neuroinflamación. No se observó CPL en los ratones controles, pero los animales derrotados tomados en conjunto desarrollaron preferencia. Sin embargo, esta muestra se pudo dividir en ratones resilientes (no desarrollaron preferencia) y susceptibles (presentaron CPL). Durante las derrotas sociales, los animales resilientes pasaron menos tiempo en las conductas de huida y sumisión que los catalogados como susceptible y presentaron conductas de ataque hacia el ratón residente, manifestando por tanto resistencia a ser derrotados. No se observaron diferencias en la respuesta de neuroinflamación, probablemente debido al largo periodo de tiempo trascurrido desde la última derrota social. Nuestros resultados sugieren que un estilo de afrontamiento activo al estrés social va a ser determinante en la protección del sujeto a desarrollar un trastorno por uso de drogas. 
Preclinical studies have shown that social stress increases vulnerability to the reinforcing effects of cocaine. However, the results are not always homogeneous, revealing a subpopulation that does not show a preference for cocaine. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to characterize the behavioral profile of resilient mice to the stress-induced rewarding effects of cocaine using an animal model of repeated social defeat stress (SD). To this end, male adult mice of the C57/BL6 strain were exposed to SD and, three weeks later, assessed using the Conditioned Place Preference paradigm induced by an ineffective dose of cocaine (1mg/kg). Afterwards, the striatal levels of interleukin 6 were measured, as social stress usually induces a neuroinflammatory response. Control mice did not develop CPP, while defeated mice did overall develop a preference for the drug-paired compartment. Based on the conditioning score that they exhibited, the SD sample was subdivided into resilient (did not develop preference) and susceptible mice (developed preference). During the SD sessions, resilient animals showed less flight and submission behaviors than susceptible mice and they presented attack behaviors towards the residents, thereby showing their resistance to being defeated. There were no differences in the neuroinflammatory response, probably due to the long time elapsed after the last SD session. These results suggest that an active coping style to social stress may be decisive in protecting the individual from developing an addiction.

Biografía del autor/a

Francisco Ródenas-González, Universidad de Valencia

Departamento de Psicobiología. Facultad de Psicología

María del Carmen Blanco-Gandía, Universidad de Zaragoza

Departamento de Psicología y Sociología. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas. 

José Miñarro López, Universidad de Valencia

Catedratico de Universidad, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología

Marta Rodriguez-Arias, Universidad de Valencia

Catedratica de Universidad, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicología 

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Publicado

2020-02-14

Número

Vol. 33 Núm. 4 (2021)

Sección

Originales