Importancia de las expectativas en la relación entre impulsividad y consumo intensivo de alcohol en universitarios

María Teresa Cortés Tomás, José Antonio Giménez Costa, Patricia Motos Sellés, Fernando Cadaveira Mahía

Resumen


El consumo intensivo de alcohol (CIA) en universitarios tiene importantes implicaciones clínicas y sociales que motivan la necesidad de indagar sobre los factores que favorecen su aparición y consolidación. Concretamente, este estudio evalúa el papel de la impulsividad y las expectativas asociadas al consumo, así como la posible mediación de las expectativas en la relación entre impulsividad y CIA. 

303 estudiantes de primer curso de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid que realizan CIA cumplimentaron un autoregistro de consumo, una escala de expectativas asociadas a esta ingesta (IECI, 2012) y la escala BIS-11 de impulsividad. En todos los casos, tanto varones como mujeres, duplican los gramos de alcohol que definen un CIA, así como la frecuencia de realización de esta conducta a partir de la cual se incrementa la probabilidad de aparición de consecuencias negativas. 

No se encuentran diferencias entre varones y mujeres en las expectativas asociadas al CIA, ni en la impulsividad total. Los análisis de regresión de orden jerárquico muestran que las expectativas no moderan la relación entre impulsividad y consumo. Las dos variables influyen de manera independiente en el consumo (gramos de alcohol ingeridos y frecuencia de realización de la ingesta), siendo mayor el peso de las expectativas en ambos sexos, pero resultando significativo el aporte de la impulsividad sólo entre los varones. Esto justifica la necesidad de planificar intervenciones que contemplen la modificación de estas expectativas, incluyendo en el caso de los varones aspectos relacionados con la impulsividad.


Palabras clave


consumo intensivo de alcohol, universitarios, género, impulsividad, expectativas.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.15

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