Sensibilidad a la ansiedad como factor de vulnerabilidad transdiagnóstico para el consumo de tabaco: implicaciones clínicas y para el tratamiento

Carla López-Núñez, Alba González-Roz, Sara Weidberg, Sergio Fernández-Artamendi

Resumen


El tabaquismo es la principal causa prevenible de muerte prematura en todo el mundo y, a pesar del hecho de que hay muchas terapias disponibles para dejar de fumar, se necesitan intervenciones adicionales eficaces, ya que muchos intentos de dejar de fumar no tienen éxito y un alto porcentaje de pacientes recaen en los meses posteriores a un intento de dejar de fumar. En particular, se ha demostrado que tanto el consumo de cigarrillos como las tasas de recaída entre los fumadores con problemas de salud mental comórbidos son más altos que los que no los tienen. Hasta ahora, los tratamientos para dejar de fumar suelen incluir diferentes enfoques destinados a tratar trastornos de salud mental específicos, en particular la ansiedad y la depresión. Sin embargo, este enfoque tradicional se está orientando hacia un modelo de vulnerabilidad transdiagnóstico que incluye un conjunto de factores clínicos clave que subyacen al tabaquismo y diferentes condiciones emocionales, siendo la sensibilidad a la ansiedad (EA) cada vez más el foco de atención. Investigaciones anteriores realizadas en Estados Unidos y Argentina han demostrado que la integración de componentes de reducción de SA en tratamientos más amplios para dejar de fumar conduce a niveles reducidos de SA, así como a mejores tasas de retención y abandono del tratamiento. No obstante, no existen protocolos de tratamiento conductual publicados que aborden la ansiedad y el tabaquismo de manera concurrente, o que utilicen un abordaje transdiagnóstico para esta población, en nuestro país. Hasta el momento, se sabe poco sobre los mecanismos que subyacen a la relación entre la EA y el tabaquismo en España. Tanto los médicos como los investigadores deberían centrarse en explorar el constructo global de EA entre los fumadores españoles, incluyendo las variables clínicamente más relevantes relacionadas tanto con la conducta tabáquica como con la cesación tabáquica, con el fin de desarrollar propuestas de tratamiento novedosas para dejar de fumar.

Palabras clave


Sensibilidad a la ansiedad; Fumar; Comorbilidad; Vulnerabilidad transdiagnóstica; Implicaciones clínicas.

Texto completo:

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1549

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