Impacto de las alteraciones neuropsicológicas sobre aspectos clínicos en tabaquismo Impact of neuropsychological disorders on clinical aspects of smoking

Autores/as

  • Raquel Martín Ríos Universidad de Granada
  • Ignacio Martín Tamayo Universidad de Granada
  • Francisca López-Torrecillas Universidad de Granada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1590

Palabras clave:

Fumar, comportamiento adictivo, memoria de trabajo, descuento por retraso. Smoking, addictive behavior, working memory, delay discount.

Resumen

Los estudios que examinan las asociaciones entre las medidas cognitivas y los aspectos clínicos del tabaquismo son limitados y, en general, se limitan a predecir perfiles de riesgo o recaídas. Sin embargo, es esencial comprender la influencia de varias medidas de la función ejecutiva en la adicción a la nicotina a fin indagar factores asociados al mantenimiento del tabaquismo. En el presente estudio se examinó la capacidad de la memoria de trabajo y el descuento por retraso para predecir los años de tabaquismo. La muestra consistió en 180 fumadores que fueron evaluados en la línea de base con medidas de impulsividad cognitiva (Tarea de Descuento de Retraso) y memoria de trabajo [Prueba de Búsqueda y Atención Visual (VSAT) y Secuenciación de Números de Letras (WAIS III)] mientras que la medida de resultado fue los años de adicción. De acuerdo con las predicciones, la memoria de trabajo evaluada con la Prueba de Búsqueda y Atención Visual fue un factor estadísticamente significativo para predecir los años de adicción a la nicotina. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la memoria de trabajo es clínicamente relevante en la dependencia de la nicotina y plantea un patrón de funcionamiento ejecutivo asociado al tabaquismo.
Studies examining associations between cognitive measures and clinical aspects of smoking are scarce and generally limited to predicting risk profiles or relapses. However, it is essential to understand the influence of several measures of executive function in nicotine addiction in order to investigate factors associated with smoking maintenance. This study examined the ability of working memory and delay discount to predict years of smoking. The sample consisted of 180 smokers who were assessed at baseline with measures of cognitive impulsivity (Delay Discounting Task) and working memory [Visual Search and Attention Test (VSAT) and Letter-Number Sequencing (WAIS III)] while the outcome measure was years of smoking. Consistent with predictions, working memory evaluated with Visual Search and Attention Test was a statistically significant factor in predicting years of nicotine addiction. These findings suggest that working memory is clinically relevant in nicotine dependence and proposes a pattern of executive functioning associated with smoking.

Biografía del autor/a

Raquel Martín Ríos, Universidad de Granada

Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Granada.

Ignacio Martín Tamayo, Universidad de Granada

Departamento de Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Granada.

Francisca López-Torrecillas, Universidad de Granada

Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Granada.

Citas

Bedi, G., Preston, K. L., Epstein, D. H., Heishman, S. J., Marrone, G. F., Shaham, Y. y De Wit, H. (2011). Incubation of cue-induced cigarette craving during abstinence in human smokers. Biological Psychiatry, 69, 708-711. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.014.

Bi, Y., Yuan, K., Guan, Y., Cheng, J., Zhang, Y., Li, Y.,… Tian, J. (2017). Altered resting state functional connectivity of anterior insula in young smokers. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 11, 155-165. doi:10.1007/s11682-016-9511-z.

Billieux, J., Gay, P., Rochat, L., Khazaal, Y., Zullino, D. y Van der Linden, M. (2010). Lack of inhibitory control predicts cigarette smoking dependence: Evidence from a non-deprived sample of light to moderate smokers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 112, 164-167. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.06.006.

Bodenburg, S. y Dopslaff, N. (2008). The dysexecutive questionnaire advanced. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 75-78. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e31815faa2b.

Carlson, N. R., Birkett, M. A. y Redolar Ripoll, D. (2018). Fisiología de la conducta. En N. R. Carlson y M. A. Birkett (Eds.), Fisiología de la conducta

(17ª ed.). Madrid: Pearson Educación.

Conti, A. A., McLean, L., Tolomeo, S., Steele, J. D. y Baldacchino, A. (2019). Chronic tobacco smoking and neuropsychological impairments: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 96, 143-154. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.11.017.

Cornblatt, B. A., Risch, N. J., Faris, G., Friedman, D. y Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. (1988). The continuous performance test, identical pairs version (CPT-IP): I. new findings about sustained attention in normal families. Psychiatry Research, 26, 223-238. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(88)90076-5.

Corominas Roso, M., Roncero Alonso, C., Bruguera Cortada, E. y Casas Brugué, M. (2007). Sistema dopaminérgico y adicciones. Revista de Neurología, 44, 23. doi:10.33588/rn.4401.2006222.

De Wit, H. (2009). Impulsivity as a determinant and consequence of drug use: A review of underlying processes. Addiction Biology, 14, 22-31. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00129.x.

Detandt, S., Bazan, A., Quertemont, E. y Verbanck, P. (2017). Smoking addiction: The shift from head to hands: Approach bias towards smoking-related cues in low-dependent versus dependent smokers. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 31, 819-829. doi:10.1177/0269881117699606.

Durazzo, T. C., Meyerhoff, D. J. y Nixon, S. J. (2010). Chronic cigarette smoking: Implications for neurocognition and brain neurobiology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7, 3760-3791. doi:10.3390/ijerph7103760.

Fagerstrom, K. O. y Schneider, N. G. (1989). Measuring nicotine dependence: A review of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 12, 159-182. doi:10.1007/BF00846549.

Gandelman, J. A., Kang, H., Antal, A., Albert, K., Boyd, B. D., Conley, A. C.,… Taylor, W. D. (2018). Transdermal nicotine for the treatment of mood and cognitive symptoms in nonsmokers with late-life depression. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 79. doi:10.4088/JCP.18m12137.

Gandelman, J. A., Newhouse, P. y Taylor, W. D. (2018). Nicotine and networks: Potential for enhancement of mood and cognition in late-life depression. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 84, 289-298. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.018.

Garcia-Rivas, V. y Deroche-Gamonet, V. (2019). Not all smokers appear to seek nicotine for the same reasons: Implications for preclinical research in nicotine dependence. Addiction Biology, 24, 317-334. doi:10.1111/adb.12607.

Gold, J. M., Carpenter, C., Randolph, C., Goldberg, T. E. y Weinberger, D. R. (1997). Auditory working memory and Wisconsin card sorting test performance in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 159-165. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830140071013.

González-Roz, A., Secades-Villa, R., Pericot-Valverde, I., Weidberg, S. y Alonso-Pérez, F. (2019). Effects of delay discounting and other predictors on smoking relapse. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 22, e9. doi:10.1017/sjp.2019.11.

Gustavson, D. E., Stallings, M. C., Corley, R. P., Miyake, A., Hewitt, J. K. y Friedman, N. P. (2017). Executive functions and substance use: Relations in late adolescence and early adulthood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 257-270. doi:10.1037/abn0000250.

Hall, F. S., Der-Avakian, A., Gould, T. J., Markou, A., Shoaib, M. y Young, J. W. (2015). Negative affective states and cognitive impairments in nicotine dependence. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 58, 168-185. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.004.

Harakeh, Z., de Sonneville, L., van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Huizink, A. C., Reijneveld, S. A., Ormel, J.,… Vollebergh, W. A. M. (2012). The association between neurocognitive functioning and smoking in adolescence: The TRAILS study. Neuropsychology, 26, 541-550. doi:10.1037/a0029217.

Harvanko, A. M., Strickland, J. C., Slone, S. A., Shelton, B. J. y Reynolds, B. A. (2019). Dimensions of impulsive behavior: Predicting contingency management treatment outcomes for adolescent smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 90, 334-340. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.11.031.

Heishman, S. J., Kleykamp, B. A. y Singleton, E. G. (2010). Meta-analysis of the acute effects of nicotine and smoking on human performance. Psychopharmacology, 210, 453-469. doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1848-1.

Helmstaedter, C., Lendt, M. y Lux, S. (2001). Verbaler Lern-und Merkfähigkeitstest: VLMT. Manual. Beltz-Test.

Hester, R. y Garavan, H. (2009). Neural mechanisms underlying drug-related cue distraction in active cocaine users. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 93, 270-277. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2008.12.009.

Hu, P., Huang, L., Zhou, S., Shi, Q., Xiao, D. y Wang, C. (2018). Smoking status and cognitive performance among vocational school students in Beijing, China. Respiratory Medicine, 135, 8-11. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2017.12.008.

Kirby, K. N., Petry, N. M. y Bickel, W. K. (1999). Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128, 78-87. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.78.

Krishnan-Sarin, S., Reynolds, B., Duhig, A. M., Smith, A., Liss, T., McFetridge, A.,… Potenza, M. N. (2007). Behavioral impulsivity predicts treatment outcome in a smoking cessation program for adolescent smokers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 88, 79-82. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.09.006.

Kübler, A., Murphy, K. y Garavan, H. (2005). Cocaine dependence and attention switching within and between verbal and visuospatial working memory. European Journal of Neuroscience, 21, 1984-1992. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04027.x.

Li, Y., Yuan, K., Cai, C., Feng, D., Yin, J., Bi, Y.,… Tian, J. (2015). Reduced frontal cortical thickness and increased caudate volume within fronto-striatal circuits in young adult smokers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 151, 211-219. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.023.

López-Torrecillas, F. (1996). Estrés, afrontamiento, variables de personalidad y consumo de drogas. Granada: Universidad de Granada. Recuperado de http://hdl.handle.net/10481/14874.

López-Torrecillas, F., Perales, J. C., Nieto-Ruiz, A. y Verdejo-García, A. (2014). Temperament and impulsivity predictors of smoking cessation outcomes. PLoS ONE, 9, e112440. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112440.

Luijten, M., Kleinjan, M. y Franken, I. H. A. (2016). Event-related potentials reflecting smoking cue reactivity and cognitive control as predictors of smoking relapse and resumption. Psychopharmacology, 233, 2857-2868. doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4332-8

Lydon, D. M., Wilson, S. J., Child, A. y Geier, C. F. (2014). Adolescent brain maturation and smoking: What we know and where we’re headed. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 45, 323-342. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.003.

Lyvers, M., Carlopio, C., Bothma, V. y Edwards, M. S. (2014). Mood, mood regulation, and frontal systems functioning in current smokers, long-term abstinent ex-smokers, and never-smokers. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 46, 133-139. doi:10.1080/02791072.2013.876522.

Myerson, J., Green, L. y Warusawitharana, M. (2001). Area under the curve as a measure of discounting. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 76, 235-243. doi:10.1901/jeab.2001.76-235.

Newhouse, P., Kellar, K., Aisen, P., White, H., Wesnes, K., Coderre, E.,… Levin, E. (2012). Nicotine treatment of mild cognitive impairment. Neurology, 78, 91-101. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31823efcbb.

O’Dell, L. E. y Torres, O. V. (2014). A mechanistic hypothesis of the factors that enhance vulnerability to nicotine use in females. Neuropharmacology, 76, 566-580. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.055.

Paulus, M. P. y Stewart, J. L. (2014). Interoception and drug addiction. Neuropharmacology, 76(PART B), 342-350. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.002.

Reitan, R. M. (1958). Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 8, 271-276. doi:10.2466/pms.1958.8.3.271.

Reynolds, B. y Fields, S. (2012). Delay discounting by adolescents experimenting with cigarette smoking. Addiction, 107, 417-424. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03644.x.

Reynolds, B., Richards, J. B., Horn, K. y Karraker, K. (2004). Delay discounting and probability discounting as related to cigarette smoking status in adults. Behavioural Processes, 65, 35-42. doi:10.1016/S0376-6357(03)00109-8.

Sheffer, C. E., Christensen, D. R., Landes, R., Carter, L. P., Jackson, L. y Bickel, W. K. (2014). Delay discounting rates: A strong prognostic indicator of smoking relapse. Addictive Behaviors, 39, 1682-1689. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.04.019.

Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662. doi:10.1037/h0054651.

Sutherland, M. T., Ray, K. L., Riedel, M. C., Yanes, J. A., Stein, E. A. y Laird, A. R. (2015). Neurobiological impact of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of pharmacologic neuroimaging studies. Biological Psychiatry, 78, 711-720. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.021.

Sutherland, M. T., Riedel, M. C., Flannery, J. S., Yanes, J. A., Fox, P. T., Stein, E. A. y Laird, A. R. (2016). Chronic cigarette smoking is linked with structural alterations in brain regions showing acute nicotinic drug-induced functional modulations. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 12, 16. doi:10.1186/s12993-016-0100-5.

Sutherland, M. T. y Stein, E. A. (2018). Functional neurocircuits and neuroimaging biomarkers of tobacco use disorder. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 24, 129-143. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2017.12.002.

Trenerry, M.R., Crosson, B., Deboe, J. y Leber, W. R. (1990). Visual Search and Attention Test. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. Odessa, Florida.

Valentine, G. y Sofuoglu, M. (2018). Cognitive effects of nicotine: Recent progress. Current Neuropharmacology, 16, 403-414. doi:10.2174/1570159X15666171103152136.

Verdejo-García, A., Alcázar-Córcoles, M. A. y Albein-Urios, N. (2019). Neuropsychological interventions for decision-making in addiction: A systematic review. Neuropsychology Review, 29, 79-92. doi:10.1007/s11065-018-9384-6.

Villalbi, J. R., Suelves, J. M., Martínez, C., Valverde, A., Cabezas, C. y Fernández, E. (2019). El control del tabaquismo en España: Situación actual y prioridades. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 93, e1-e6.

Wagner, M., Schulze-Rauschenbach, S., Petrovsky, N., Brinkmeyer, J., von der Goltz, C., Gründer, G.,… Winterer, G. (2013). Neurocognitive impairments in non-deprived smokers--results from a population-based multi-center study on smoking-related behavior. Addiction Biology, 18, 752-761. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00429.x.

Wechsler, D. (1999). WAIS-III. Escala de inteligencia de Wechsler para adultos -III. Madrid.

World Health Organization. (2019). WHO Report on Global Tobacco Epidemic. Recuperado de https://doi.org/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco.

Zarrindast, M.-R. y Khakpai, F. (2019). The modulatory role of nicotine on cognitive and non-cognitive functions. Brain Research, 1710, 92-101. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.002.

Zlomuzica, A., Machulska, A., Roberts, S., Von Glischinski, M., Rinck, M., Lester, K. J.,… Margraf, J. (2018). The dopamine D2 receptor mediates approach-avoidance tendencies in smokers. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 268, 261-268. doi:10.1007/s00406-017-0793-y.

Descargas

Publicado

2021-03-11

Número

Vol. 35 Núm. 1 (2023)

Sección

Originales