Estudio de seguimiento de 35 años de pacientes admitidos a tratamiento con metadona entre 1982-1984 en Asturias, España
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1662Palabras clave:
Mortalidad, adicción a la heroína, tratamiento de mantenimiento con metadona, seguimiento.Resumen
El objetivo fue evaluar el estado de una población dependiente a la heroína 35 años después de su primera inscripción en un tratamiento de mantenimiento con metadona (TMM). Se utilizó un protocolo ad hoc para evaluar morbilidad, consumo y tratamiento de la adicción en la muestra de supervivientes. Se calculó la razón de mortalidad estandarizada (RME) con un intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%. Un total de 214 pacientes ingresaron en TMM entre 1982 y 1984 en el Servicio de Salud Pública de Asturias. Se recibió información sobre 195 sujetos, de los cuales 146 habían fallecido. Los hombres representaron el 77,5% de la cohorte del estudio. Durante el período de seguimiento de 35 años, la RME fue de 11,75 (IC 95% = 9,95 – 13,77). En la muestra de supervivientes, el 5,7% todavía estaba inscrito en TMM; el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) se diagnosticó en un 38,77% y la hepatitis B/C en un 73,46%; el consumo actual de heroína se informó en un 4,1%. No hubo diferencias de género en la mortalidad o la condición de VIH y hepatitis B/C. Ninguna de las mujeres consumía heroína en el seguimiento de 35 años en comparación con el 5,26% de los hombres. En conclusión, nuestro estudio confirma la alta tasa de mortalidad a largo plazo, incluso después de la inscripción en TMM.Citas
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