Desregulación del eje hipotalámico-pituitario-adrenal iniciada por un patrón binge drinking, pero no por el consumo agudo de alcohol, en mujeres y hombres adolescentes Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation initiated by a binge drinking pattern, but not by acute alcohol intake, in female and male adolescents

Autores/as

  • Milton Ramírez-Piña Universitat de València
  • Santiago Monleón Universitat de València
  • Concepción Vinader-Caerols Universitat de València

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1665

Palabras clave:

Consumo intensivo de alcohol, alcohol, respuesta de estrés, eje hipotalámico-pituitario-adrenal, adolescentes Binge drinking, alcohol, stress response, adrenal-pituitary-hypothalamic axis, adolescents

Resumen

El consumo excesivo de alcohol es un problema de salud pública mundial, siendo los adolescentes y jóvenes adultos la población más afectada. El objetivo de este estudio fue esclarecer los efectos de una historia binge drinking (BD) y/o del consumo agudo de alcohol sobre la respuesta de estrés en mujeres y hombres. Participaron 235 adolescentes (143 mujeres y 92 hombres). Se evaluaron cortisol, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (PAS y PAD), frecuencia cardiaca (FC) y estrés percibido (EP). En el experimento 1, los efectos del alcohol fueron estudiados separadamente en mujeres y hombres debido a diferencias en la concentración de alcohol en sangre (CAS). En el experimento 2, una selección balanceada de mujeres y hombres con similar CAS permitió su comparación. En el experimento 1, las mujeres que recibieron alcohol mostraron un incremento de cortisol y FC, y las binge drinkers mostraron mayor FC que las abstemias. Los hombres abstemios que recibieron alcohol mostraron mayor FC y los binge drinkers tuvieron niveles más altos de cortisol y PAS que los abstemios. En el experimento 2, se observaron resultados similares y diferencias de sexo, mostrando los hombres niveles más altos de cortisol y PAS, y menos EP que las mujeres. En conclusión, la respuesta normal del eje HPA adolescente al consumo de alcohol refleja un incremento de cortisol en mujeres, así como de FC en ambos sexos. Además, una historia de consumo BD está asociada con una desregulación del eje HPA, manifestado con niveles más altos de cortisol (independientemente de sexo), PAS en varones y FC en mujeres, adolescentes sanos. 
Excessive alcohol consumption is a worldwide public health problem, being adolescents and young adults the population most affected by this problem. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of having a history of binge drinking (BD) and/or acute alcohol consumption on the stress response in female and male adolescents. Participants were 235 adolescents (143 females and 92 males). Cortisol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR) and perceived stress (PS) were evaluated in adolescents with different and similar blood alcohol concentrations (BAC). In Experiment 1, the effects of alcohol were studied separately in females and males because of differences in BAC. In Experiment 2, a direct comparison between sexes was carried out in a counterbalanced selection of participants with similar BAC. In Experiment 1, females receiving alcohol showed an increase in cortisol and HR, and binge drinkers displayed higher HR than refrainers. Male refrainers receiving alcohol showed higher HR, and binge drinkers showed higher cortisol and SBP than refrainers. In Experiment 2, similar results were observed and sex differences were evident, with males showing higher cortisol and SBP, and lower PS than females. In conclusion, the normal response of the adolescent HPA axis to alcohol consumption is an increase in cortisol levels in females, as well as HR in both sexes. In addition, a history of BD is associated with HPA axis dysregulation, which is manifested by higher values of cortisol (independently of sex), SBP in male and HR in female healthy adolescents. 

Biografía del autor/a

Milton Ramírez-Piña, Universitat de València

Departamento de Psicobiología

Santiago Monleón, Universitat de València

Departamento de Psicobiología

Concepción Vinader-Caerols, Universitat de València

Departamento de Psicobiología

Citas

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Publicado

2021-11-23

Número

Vol. 35 Núm. 4 (2023)

Sección

Originales