Definición del concepto de consumo intensivo de alcohol adolescente (binge drinking)

Autores/as

  • María Parada Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Enviar correspondencia a: María Parada Iglesias. Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Campus Sur s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, España. Teléfono: 981563100 (ext. 13766). Fax: 981528072 Correo electrónico: maria.parada@usc.es
  • Montserrat Corral Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
  • Francisco Caamaño-Isorna CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
  • Nayara Mota Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
  • Alberto Crego Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
  • Socorro Rodríguez Holguín Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
  • Fernando Cadaveira Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.167

Palabras clave:

consumo intensivo de alcohol, adolescencia, estudiantes universitarios, revisión, epidemiología

Resumen

Objetivos: Delimitar el concepto de consumo intensivo de alcohol adolescente (binge drinking) con el fin de definir un criterio operativo del término. Metodología: Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos Medline y Psyclit en el período 1980-2009. Mediante el filtro “(binge drinking OR heavy-episodic-drinking) AND (adolescence OR university- students OR college-students)” se seleccionaron 80 artículos para su revisión. Resultados: Los estudios epidemiológicos que han informado sobre la prevalencia de este patrón de consumo muestran falta de consenso a la hora de operativizar el término. Se han propuesto distintos criterios en cuanto al número de unidades de bebida estándar (UBEs) consumidas por ocasión, la frecuencia de los episodios y la duración de los mismos. Conclusiones: Una definición adecuada del patrón de consumo intensivo de alcohol debe integrar las variables cantidad y frecuencia y, además, tener en cuenta las consecuencias negativas asociadas al mismo. El criterio más comúnmente aceptado por la comunidad científica internacional es el consumo de 5 ó más UBEs -4 ó más para mujeres- en una única ocasión, al menos una vez en las dos últimas semanas. Sin embargo, aspectos como las diferencias entre países en los gramos de alcohol de las UBEs dificultan el establecimiento de una definición internacional del término. Esto hace necesario adaptar este criterio al país donde se realice el estudio. 

Biografía del autor/a

María Parada, Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Enviar correspondencia a: María Parada Iglesias. Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Campus Sur s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, España. Teléfono: 981563100 (ext. 13766). Fax: 981528072 Correo electrónico: maria.parada@usc.es

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2011-03-01

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