Influencia del entorno en el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes: Un estudio utilizando concept mapping con estudiantes universitarios Understanding how alcohol environment influences youth drinking: A concept mapping study among university students

Autores/as

  • Ester Teixidó-Compañó Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa. Universitat de Vic Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC) Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF). Barcelona
  • Xisca Sureda Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group. School of Medicine. University of Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid
  • Marina Bosque-Prous Universitat Oberta de Catalunya http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8830-8880
  • Joan R. Villalbí Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF). Barcelona Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau. Barcelona Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP). Madrid
  • Susanna Puigcorbé Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya. Barcelona
  • Ester Colillas-Malet Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa. Universitat de Vic Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC)
  • Manuel Franco Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group. School of Medicine. University of Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP). Madrid Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Baltimore
  • Albert Espelt Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa. Universitat de Vic Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVicUCC) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP). Madrid Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1705

Palabras clave:

Concept Mapping, consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, adultos jóvenes, estudiantes universitarios Concept mapping, alcohol drinking, young adults, university student

Resumen

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los factores del entorno que influyen en el consumo de alcohol según la perspectiva de estudiantes universitarios, y evaluar la importancia y la frecuencia atribuida a cada factor. Se utilizó la metodología del Concept Mapping con una muestra de estudiantes de enfermería, que participaron en dos sesiones de recogida de datos. En la sesión 1, se obtuvo un consenso sobre los aspectos del entorno que influyen en su consumo de alcohol. En la sesión 2, los ítems obtenidos se clasificaron en función de la importancia y la frecuencia de estos factores en el consumo de alcohol (1 = mínimo; 5 = máximo). Todos los datos se analizaron con el RCMAP del paquete estadístico R 3.6.1.Alrededor de 60 estudiantes participaron en cada sesión. La mayoría eran mujeres de 20 a 24 años. En la sesión 1, se obtuvieron un total de 55 ítems que fueron clasificados en 7 grupos: Publicidad (9 ítems); Ambiente familiar (4 ítems); Presión social (12 ítems); Responsabilidades/normas (4 ítems); Vacaciones y tiempo libre (7 ítems); Situaciones emocionales (8 ítems); Accesibilidad (11 ítems). Los factores relacionados con la presión social, las vacaciones y el tiempo libre y la accesibilidad del alcohol, fueron considerados los más importantes y frecuentes en el consumo de alcohol. Contrariamente, la publicidad del alcohol fue considerada el factor menos importante (media 2,6 sobre 5) y frecuente (media 2,1 sobre 5). En conclusión, los factores considerados más relevantes entre los estudiantes coinciden con los que se destinan más recursos para la prevención y la promoción de la salud, a excepción de la publicidad del alcohol, que se percibió como menos importante y frecuente comparado con los otros factores.
The aim of the study was to identify the environmental factors that influence alcohol consumption, according to university students, and assess the relative importance and the frequency attributed to each factor. A study using Concept Mapping methodology was performed with a sample of nursing students, who participated in two face-to-face data collection sessions. In session 1, a consensus about the environmental aspects that influence their alcohol consumption was obtained. In session 2, the statements obtained were rated according to their relative importance and frequency in alcohol use (1 = minimum; 5 = maximum). Subsequently, all data were analyzed with the RCMAP of the statistical package R 3.6.1.Approximately 60 students participated in each session. Most were women aged 20 to 24. In session 1, a total of 55 statements were obtained and classified into 7 different clusters: Advertising (9 statements); Family environment (4 statements); Social pressure (12 statements); Responsibilities/norms (4 statements); Holidays and leisure time (7 statements); Emotional situations (8 statements); Accessibility (11 statements). Factors related to social pressure, holidays and leisure time, and alcohol accessibility were considered the most important and frequent in alcohol consumption. In contrast, alcohol advertising was considered the least important (mean 2.6 out of 5) and frequent (mean 2.1 out 5) factor. In conclusion, the factors considered most relevant among nursing students match those having more resources allocated for prevention and health promotion, except for alcohol advertising, which was perceived as less important and frequent compared with the other factors.

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Publicado

2022-09-30

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Vol. 35 Núm. 4 (2023)

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