Mortalidad entre los pacientes adictos a opiáceos al cabo de 30 años de seguimiento Mortality in patients addicted to opioids across 30-year follow-up

Autores/as

  • Andrés Fontenla Unidad Asistencial Drogodependencias de Cangas, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo
  • Antonio Vaamonde Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa de la Universidad de Vigo
  • Gerardo Flórez Unidad de Conductas Adictivas, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Orense

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1803

Palabras clave:

Adicción a opiáceos, mortalidad prematura, edad, enfermedad, sobredosis. Opioid addiction, premature mortality, age, disease, overdose.

Resumen

El mantenimiento de la mortalidad prematura entre los consumidores de opiáceos es una cuestión de salud pública altamente significativa. El objetivo principal es estudiar las causas y edad de mortalidad registradas en la población de adictos a opiáceos (n = 1.998) atendida en la Unidad Asistencial de Drogodependencias de Cangas (Pontevedra) a lo largo de más de 30 años. Las causas de mortalidad se clasifican en 4 grupos: sobredosis, enfermedades, suicidio y trauma. La edad media de mortalidad de los pacientes se compara con la de la población general que reside en la misma área sanitaria. A lo largo del estudio la mortalidad prematura de estos pacientes se mantiene elevada, aunque con tendencia a disminuir con el paso del tiempo: hasta 1998, 31,8 años de edad media de fallecimiento frente a 47,7 años desde 1998. La edad media de fallecimiento siempre es inferior a la de la población general. La enfermedad es la causa de mortalidad más prevalente (84% de los fallecidos) con gran diferencia frente a los otros 3 grupos. Pese a la reducción de las infecciones asociadas al consumo por vía parenteral, persisten factores asociados a un estilo de vida poco saludable, que, unidos al envejecimiento de esta población, explican en buena medida que la edad media de fallecimiento de estos pacientes no se equipare a la de la población general, lo que parece obligar a revisar los objetivos de la intervención sanitaria y social.
The maintenance of premature mortality among opioid users is a highly significant public health issue. The main objective is to study the causes and age of mortality recorded in the population of opiate addicts (n = 1,998) treated at the Cangas Drug Addiction Assistance Unit (Pontevedra) over more than 30 years. The causes of mortality are classified into 4 groups: overdose, disease, suicide and trauma. The average age of mortality of the patients is compared with that of the general population residing in the same health area. Throughout the study, the premature mortality of these patients remained high, although with a tendency to decrease over time: up to 1998, the mean age of death was 31.8 years compared to 47.7 years since 1998. The mean age of death was always lower than that of the general population. Disease is the most prevalent cause of mortality (84% of the deceased) with a great difference compared to the other 3 groups. Despite the reduction in infections associated with parenteral use, there are still factors associated with an unhealthy lifestyle that, together with the aging of this population, explain to a large extent why the average age of death of these patients is not equal to that of the general population, which seems to force us to review the objectives of health and social intervention.

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Publicado

2023-03-15

Número

Vol. 36 Núm. 2 (2024)

Sección

Originales