Mortalidad entre los pacientes adictos a opiáceos al cabo de 30 años de seguimiento

Andrés Fontenla, Antonio Vaamonde, Gerardo Flórez

Resumen


El mantenimiento de la mortalidad prematura entre los consumidores de opiáceos es una cuestión de salud pública altamente significativa. El objetivo principal es estudiar las causas y edad de mortalidad registradas en la población de adictos a opiáceos (n = 1.998) atendida en la Unidad Asistencial de Drogodependencias de Cangas (Pontevedra) a lo largo de más de 30 años. Las causas de mortalidad se clasifican en 4 grupos: sobredosis, enfermedades, suicidio y trauma. La edad media de mortalidad de los pacientes se compara con la de la población general que reside en la misma área sanitaria. A lo largo del estudio la mortalidad prematura de estos pacientes se mantiene elevada, aunque con tendencia a disminuir con el paso del tiempo: hasta 1998, 31,8 años de edad media de fallecimiento frente a 47,7 años desde 1998. La edad media de fallecimiento siempre es inferior a la de la población general. La enfermedad es la causa de mortalidad más prevalente (84% de los fallecidos) con gran diferencia frente a los otros 3 grupos. Pese a la reducción de las infecciones asociadas al consumo por vía parenteral, persisten factores asociados a un estilo de vida poco saludable, que, unidos al envejecimiento de esta población, explican en buena medida que la edad media de fallecimiento de estos pacientes no se equipare a la de la población general, lo que parece obligar a revisar los objetivos de la intervención sanitaria y social.


Palabras clave


Adicción a opiáceos; mortalidad prematura; edad; enfermedad; sobredosis.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1803

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