Del uso no problemático a la adicción al móvil: Perfiles de impulsividad From non-problematic smartphone use to smartphone addiction: Impulsivity-based profiles

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1847

Palabras clave:

Uso problemático del móvil, uso excesivo del móvil, adicción al móvil, impulsividad, análisis clúster. Problematic smartphone use, excessive smartphone use, smartphone addiction, impulsivity, cluster analysis.

Resumen

El uso problemático del móvil (PSU, por sus siglas en inglés) es un comportamiento incontrolable que dificulta la capacidad para detenerlo, pese a las potenciales consecuencias negativas. Este comportamiento excesivo ha sido considerado en el campo de la investigación como una adicción conductual, ya que la literatura ha demostrado características comunes con otras adicciones conductuales además de que está mediado por la impulsividad. Sin embargo, la impulsividad es un constructo multidimensional cuyas dimensiones específicas se relacionan de modo diferencial con los distintos tipos de adicción. Por consiguiente, el presente estudio pretende explorar los perfiles de uso del móvil dependiendo de las dimensiones de impulsividad. Para ello, se registró el uso diario del móvil, el nivel de adicción al móvil (SAS-SV) y el patrón de impulsividad a través de los cinco rasgos de personalidad impulsiva (UPPS-P) de 412 adultos (con una media de edad de 31,91 años, DT = 11,70, incluyendo 108 hombres y 304 mujeres). El análisis de clúster mostró la existencia de tres tipos de perfiles: uno sin PSU; uno con impulsividad excesiva, pero sin uso adictivo del móvil, presentando solo sintomatología de pérdida de control; y otro con impulsividad excesiva y patrones adictivos al móvil, caracterizados principalmente por los rasgos impulsivos de urgencia negativa, urgencia positiva y falta de premeditación. Por tanto, este estudio muestra las dimensiones de personalidad impulsiva que diferencian un uso excesivo del adictivo al móvil. Esta información es útil para el desarrollo de programas de prevención e intervención mejor adaptados a estos perfiles de comportamiento.
Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is an uncontrollable behavior that impedes the ability to stop using it despite potential negative consequences. This excessive behavior has been considered in the research field as a behavioral addiction, as literature has shown common characteristics with behavioral addictions, including its impulsivity-driven factor. However, impulsivity is a multidimensional construct whose specific traits lead differently to each addiction. Hence, the present study aimed to address the different existent PSU profiles depending on their individual impulsivity personality traits. To this end, N = 412 adults (average age 31.91, SD = 11.70, including 108 men and 304 women) were recruited to explore their daily smartphone usage, level of smartphone addiction (SAS-SV) and impulsivity profile across the five impulsivity personality traits (UPPS-P). Cluster analysis revealed the existence of three different profiles: one without PSU; one showing an excessive impulsively but almost no addictive smartphone use, expressing only a loss of control symptomatology; and one showing excessive impulsively but also addictive smartphone patterns, driven mainly by the impulsivity personality traits of negative urgency, positive urgency and lack of premeditation. Therefore, this study showed the impulsivity personality traits that differentiate excessive from addictive smartphone use, which is valuable information for the development of more precise prevention and interventions programs.

Citas

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2024-09-25

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Vol. 36 Núm. 3 (2024)

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