Adicción a redes sociales, personalidad, psicopatología y género: Hallazgos transversales y longitudinales en adolescentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.2084Palabras clave:
adicción a redes sociales, validación psicométrica, modelo de los cinco factores, psicopatología, comorbilidad, adolescenciaResumen
La adicción a redes sociales (ARS) se asocia a un amplio rango de problemas psicológicos en adultos, aunque su impacto en adolescentes ha sido menos estudiado. Un paso necesario en la investigación de la ARS en la adolescencia es el desarrollo de instrumentos que permitan evaluarla adecuadamente en esta etapa evolutiva. Por ello, un primer objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar las propiedades psicométricas de la Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) en adolescentes españoles. El estudio también examinó el papel de la personalidad en la ARS, las asociaciones entre la ARS y la salud mental, transversal y longitudinalmente; y cómo esas asociaciones se ven afectadas por el género y cuando la personalidad es considerada. La muestra del estudio se compuso de 616 adolescentes (media de edad = 15,01; DT = 1,17, 309 chicas), 222 fueron seguidos un año después. La BSMAS emergió como un instrumento adecuado para evaluar ARS en adolescentes, mostrando evidencia apropiada de validez de constructo y de criterio, invarianza entre géneros y excelente consistencia interna. La ARS se relacionó con extraversión, neuroticismo y baja amabilidad en chicos; y neuroticismo, extraversión, y menor responsabilidad, apertura y amabilidad en chicas. La ARS mostró asociaciones transversales y longitudinales con un gran número de problemas psicológicos, y estas difirieron según el género. No obstante, la mayoría de las relaciones desaparecieron cuando se tuvo en cuenta a la personalidad. En este sentido, la ARS estuvo predicha por uso problemático de videojuegos y conducta desafiante una vez se controló por personalidad. Estos hallazgos muestran la importancia de emplear diseños longitudinales y considerar la personalidad y el género a la hora de estudiar el desarrollo de la ARS y su relación con problemas psicológicos.Citas
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