Criterios centrales vs. periféricos: Explorando la sobrevaloración de redes sociales y el uso problemático en un estudio longitudinal con adolescentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.2237Palabras clave:
Sobrevaloración de redes sociales, uso problemático de redes sociales, fiabilidad test-retest, invarianza longitudinal, modelo de componentes de la adicciónResumen
Las personas con Sobrevaloración de la Utilidad Relativa de las Redes Sociales (ORUSM) sobreestiman el valor de las redes sociales para satisfacer necesidades, priorizándolas sobre otras actividades alternativas. La ORUSM es un mecanismo clave en el desarrollo del Uso Problemático de Redes Sociales (UPRS), frecuentemente asociado a problemas de salud mental. La Plan-net 25, mide la ORUSM pero carece de evaluación de sus propiedades psicométricas longitudinales. El UPRS se evalúa utilizando seis criterios derivados de los trastornos por consumo de sustancias, reclasificados en criterios centrales (modificación del estado de ánimo, abstinencia, conflicto, recaída) como indicadores de uso problemático, y criterios periféricos (saliencia, tolerancia) que reflejan alta implicación sin patología. Este estudio examinó la estabilidad temporal y la invarianza longitudinal de la Plan-net 25, así como sus asociaciones con los criterios de UPRS y diversos indicadores de salud mental durante seis semanas. Una muestra de 294 adolescentes (14-20 años) completó medidas de ORUSM, UPRS, depresión, ansiedad, soledad y satisfacción con la vida. Los resultados mostraron una estabilidad temporal baja a moderada de las subescalas e invarianza longitudinal de la Plan-net 25. Los dominios de ORUSM relacionados con la regulación emocional, la expresión social y el manejo del aburrimiento se asociaron positivamente con criterios centrales y periféricos de UPRS. Los criterios centrales predijeron peores resultados en salud mental, mientras que los criterios periféricos se asociaron positivamente con satisfacción con la vida. Estos hallazgos destacan la importancia de distinguir entre los criterios centrales y periféricos del UPRS.Citas
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