Desarrollos recientes sobre el consumo global de alcohol y consumos de alto riesgo: argumentos a favor de las intervenciones efectivas a nivel de población en Canadá

Autores/as

  • Norman Giesbrecht Senior Scientist, Social, Prevention and Health Policy Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario. Enviar correspondencia a: Norman Giesbrecht, Ph.D., Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S1 Phone: (1) 416 535-8501 ext 6895; Fax (1) 416 595-6899

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.263

Palabras clave:

daño provocado por el alcohol, políticas, alcohol, tendencias de consumo, pautas de consumo de alcohol

Resumen

Cada vez existen más evidencias de las importantes repercusiones del alcohol en forma de enfermedades crónicas, traumas, problemas sociales y elevados costes económicos. En una serie de países se ha producido un aumento del consumo y/o del consumo de alto riesgo en los últimos años. Sin embargo, en muchos contextos la regulación del alcohol aún no es de alta prioridad. Canadá ha experimentado diversas circunstancias en años recientes: el aumento gradual del consumo global, el aumento del consumo de alto riesgo, comercialización y promoción amplia de las bebidas alcohólicas y mayor facilidad para acceder al alcohol. Los datos de las investigaciones realizadas en Canadá y en Ontario, la provincia más poblada, indican que la proporción de los que consumen más de 5 bebidas en una sola ocasión ha aumentado desde mediados de los años noventa. En conjunto, y calculando por lo bajo, se estima que el daño provocado por el alcohol ha supuesto catorce mil millones de dólares canadienses en costes sociales, según datos de 2002. Existe una estrategia nacional frente al alcohol y varias de ámbito provincial diseñadas para reducir los problemas provocados por el alcohol, pero de momento son meras propuestas y no se han puesto en práctica a fondo. Para crear iniciativas efectivas, eficientes y decisivas y reducir el daño global se destacan una serie de recomendaciones: aumento de los precios/impuestos del alcohol, limitación del acceso al mismo a través del control de la densidad de puntos de venta y de las horas de apertura, renovación de las funciones de control de las juntas de bebidas alcohólicas, y disposición de recursos para ejecutar estas medidas de forma efectiva.

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2008-09-01

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