Alteraciones neuropsicológicas en alcohólicos: un estudio exploratorio

Autores/as

  • Natalia Landa Centro de Salud Mental de Tudela (Navarra). Enviar correspondencia a: Natalia Landa. Centro de Salud Mental de Tudela. C/Gayarre s/n. Tudela. Navarra.
  • Javier Fernández-Montalvo Departamento de Psicología y Pedagogía. Universidad Pública de Navarra.
  • Javier Tirapu-Ustarroz Servicio de Neuropsicología. Clínica Ubarmin. Pamplona.
  • José J. López-Goñi Fundación Proyecto Hombre de Navarra.
  • Ainhoa Castillo Departamento de Psicología y Pedagogía. Universidad Pública de Navarra.
  • Iñaki Lorea Fundación Proyecto Hombre de Navarra.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.355

Palabras clave:

alcoholismo, Déficit neuropsicológico, Evaluación

Resumen

En este estudio se evaluó la presencia de alteraciones neuropsicológicas en 50 pacientes alcohólicos, en comparación con un grupo de control de 50 sujetos de la población normal, apareados en edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Para ello, se aplicó una batería neuropsicológica compuesta por la Escala de Memoria de Wechsler (subtest: control mental, dígitos, localización espacial y memoria lógica), el Trail Making Test de la batería Halstead-Reitan, el test de dibujo de una Figura Compleja de Rey, el test de palabras y colores de Stroop y el subtest de evocación categorial del Test Barcelona. Los resultados obtenidos reflejaron que la ejecución en la mayoría de las pruebas era equiparable en ambos grupos. Las únicas diferencias significativas entre los grupos se observaron en el subtest de memoria lógica, tanto en el recuerdo inmediato como diferido, y en el tiempo empleado en la ejecución de la copia de la Figura de Rey. En ambos casos la muestra de alcohólicos presentaba una peor ejecución, con una afectación de la memoria en cuanto a la capacidad de realizar nuevos aprendizajes. Los resultados descartaron la existencia de un déficit cognoscitivo generalizado en los pacientes alcohólicos. La ausencia de otras alteraciones cognoscitivas, sobre todo en las funciones ejecutivas, contrasta con los hallazgos de otras investigaciones.

Citas

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2006-03-01

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