Adicción al trabajo en Brasil: medición y diferencias individuales Workaholism in Brazil: Measurement and individual differences

Autores/as

  • Marina Romeo Department of Social Psychology. University of Barcelona, España. PsicoSAO. Research Group in Social, Environmental and Organizational Psychology (2014 SGR 992)
  • Montserrat Yepes-Baldó Department of Social Psychology. University of Barcelona, España. PsicoSAO. Research Group in Social, Environmental and Organizational Psychology (2014 SGR 992)
  • Rita Berger Department of Social Psychology. University of Barcelona, España. PsicoSAO. Research Group in Social, Environmental and Organizational Psychology (2014 SGR 992)
  • Francisco Franco Netto Da Costa Department of Social Psychology. University of Barcelona

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.37

Palabras clave:

Adicción al trabajo, Work Addiction Risk Scale (WART), Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS), Salud, Género. Workaholism, Work Addiction Risk Scale (WART), Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS), Health, Gender.

Resumen

Esta investigación tiene por objetivo medir y evaluar las diferencias individuales en una muestra brasileña en relación a la adicción al trabajo, dada su repercusión en la competitividad de las empresas. Se aplicó el WART 15-PBV a una muestra de 153 directivos de empresas ubicadas en Brasil, 82 mujeres (53,6%) y 71 hombres (46.4%), con un rango de edad entre los 20 y los 69 años y un valor medio de 41 (SD = 9,06). Se analiza la estructura factorial del cuestionario, su consistencia interna y convergente (a partir de la Dutch Work Addiction Scale - DUWAS), la validez de criterio (con el Cuestionario General de Salud - GHQ) y las diferencias individuales de género. El cuestionario WART15-PBV presenta buenas propiedades psicométricas y de validez convergente y de criterio. Las mujeres y los hombres difieren en la dimensión Deterioro de la comunicación / auto-absorción. Esta dimensión únicamente tiene un efecto directo en la percepción de salud de los hombres, mientras que la dimensión Tendencias compulsivas tiene un efecto directo en ambos géneros. Los resultados sugieren la escala WART15-PBV es una medida válida y fiable de la adicción al trabajo que orienta la intervención atendiendo a las diferencias individuales de los trabajadores, en aras de mejorar su salud y su vida profesional y personal y fomentando, a su vez, unas condiciones adecuadas en el lugar de trabajo. 
The aim of this research is the measurement and assessment of individual differences of workaholism in Brazil, an important issue which affects the competitiveness of companies. The WART 15-PBV was applied to a sample of 153 managers from companies located in Brazil, 82 (53.6%) women and 71 (46.4%) men. Ages ranged from 20 to 69 years with an average value of 41 (SD=9.06). We analyzed, on one hand, the factor structure of the questionnaire, its internal consistency and convergent (with the Dutch Work Addiction Scale - DUWAS) and criterion validity (with General Health Questionnaire – GHQ). On the other hand, we analyzed individual gender differences on workaholism. WART15-PBV has good psychometric properties, and evidence for convergent and criterion validity. Females and males differed on Impaired Communication / Self-Absorption dimension. This dimension has a direct effect only on men’s health perception, while Compulsive tendencies dimension has a direct effect for both genders. The findings suggest the WART15-PBV is a valid measure of workaholism that would contribute to the workers’ health and their professional and personal life, in order to encourage adequate conditions in the workplace taking into account workers’ individual differences. 

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Publicado

2014-12-01

Número

Vol. 26 Núm. 4 (2014)

Sección

Originales