DRUGS TREATMENT AND CEREBRAL OPERATION MODELS: AN INTEGRATIVE FRAME

Abstract

We are still a long way away from having appropriate models to understand and treat addictions sustained by brain functions. The aim of this paper is to develop a model integrating psychology and neuropsychology in order to refocus our clinical interventions closer to the neuroscience discourse. Specifically, three widely used treatment models for addictions are reviewed here, Motivational Interview, Relapse Prevention and Work with Social Networks. Subsequently, these different approaches will be linked to their possible effect on the cerebral functions, based on the well-known Hierarchical Model (Stuss and Benson) as well as the Brain Circuits Model (Volkow, Fowler and Wang). Therefore, each intervention should target several brain functions modified during the addiction process. The motivational interview should improve the functioning of the higher level of the brain processing, increasing the awareness of the problem. Strategies with the social networks such as the detection of high-risk situations or the avoidance of conditioned stimuli should have an impact on both the basic processing and the action activation control levels. Relapse prevention techniques such as exposure with response prevention, or E.V.A. handling, should influence the working of the levels of selfcontrol and of basic functions. Furthermore, these treatment approaches should also change the reward, motivation, memory and cognitive control circuits. In conclusion, the objective is to make the individual undergo a set of experiences in order to re-orient the brain-mind relationship towards a more adaptive direction.