Construcción de un cuestionario para la Valoración de los Efectos Subjetivos de Sustancias con Potencial de Abuso (VESSPA): Evaluación del éxtasis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.435Palabras clave:
éxtasis, MDMA, cuestionario, validación, efectos subjetivos, VESSPAResumen
Se construye y valida un instrumento para medir los efectos subjetivos producidos por la 3,4-metilenodioximentanfetamina (MDMA). Tras la construcción de un banco de ítems, posteriores reducciones y un análisis factorial, se obtuvo un cuestionario de 36 ítems al que se le denominó VESSPA (Valoración de Efectos Subjetivos de Sustancia con Potencial de Abuso). El cuestionario consta de 6 escalas: “Sedación”, “Somatización Ansiosa”, “Cambios de Percepción”, “Placer y Contacto Social”, “Actividad y Energía” y escala de “Sintomatología Psicótica”. Respecto a la fiabilidad se obtuvo una consistencia interna entre 0.67 y 0.86, así como un índice de correlación del testretest entre 0.79 y 0.91, según la escala. En cuanto a la validez se aplicaron tres pruebas: correlaciones entre escalas del VESSPA y del ARCI (Addiction Research Center Inventory-49 item short form), puntuación de las diferentes escalas frente a otras condiciones simuladas (alcohol, cannabis, cocaína y LSD) y respuesta del cuestionario en situación experimental en un ensayo clínico en el que se administró MDMA y alcohol. Los resultados demuestran que el cuestionario VESSPA es un instrumento válido y fiable para medir los efectos farmacológicos de la MDMA y de otros psicofármacos, y puede ser utilizado también en ensayos clínicos.Citas
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