LSD y alucinógenos

Autores/as

  • Josep Solé Puig Benito Menni Complejo Asistencial en Salud Mental, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona. Enviar correspondencia: Dr Josep Solé, Benito Menni C.A.S.M., Dr Antoni Pujadas 38, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat (Barcelona).

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.460

Palabras clave:

LSD, alucinógenos, flashbacks, trastorno persistente de la percepción por alucinógenos

Resumen

Objetivo: realizar una revisión del LSD y otros alucinógenos desde un punto de vista histórico-cultural, farmacológico y de consecuencias clínicas, especialmente psiquiátricas. Resultados: datos aportados por el PNSD ponen de manifiesto que más del 2% de la población española reconoce haber consumido esta sustancia, que ejerce su acción a través de los sistemas de neurotransmisión serotonérgica, dopaminérgica y glutamatérgica. El LSD y sus análogos han sido utilizados como psicotomiméticos experimentales, aunque existen diversos inconvenientes (rápida tolerancia para efectos subjetivos y alucinaciones de tipo visual) que restan credibilidad al modelo alucinógenopsicodélico del síndrome esquizofrénico. Los efectos adversos de tipo psíquico que más frecuentemente aparecen tras uso-abuso de LSD son: trastornos de ansiedad, del estado de ánimo, perceptivos (trastorno perceptivo persistente por alucinógenos, flashbacks) y psicóticos. El tratamiento de dichos efectos adversos es de tipo sintomático, siendo los fármacos ansiolíticos y antipsicóticos los más utilizados. Por último, se discute el potencial uso terapéutico de la sustancia tanto en terapias psicodélicas como en el alcoholismo, en ambos casos con escasas repercusiones. Conclusiones: el LSD y los otros alucinógenos son sustancias utilizadas con fines recreativos pero que no están exentas de potencial de daño psíquico que puede ser prevenido y adecuadamente tratado.

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2003-12-15

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