Efectos del uso de la Tecnología Digital en el cerebro y en el psique. Análisis de las evidencias y dos propuestas

F. Bricolo, G. Serpelloni

Resumen


En la segunda mitad de los años 90 se publicaron algunos artículos sobre un "nuevo problema" que los medios de comunicación bautizaron con las siglas IAD, de Internet Addiction Disorders (Trastornos de la Adicción a Internet) Estas siglas han sido utilizadas con gran éxito por los medios de comunicación, en cambio, en los estudios científicos sólo han tenido un valor anecdótico. Objetivo. En este artículo, los autores presentan una primera propuesta de definición, de cinco puntos, de este "nuevo problema", un examen de las evidencias acerca de éste y seis criterios que la investigación debería seguir en el futuro. Método. Primero: Se propone una definición de cinco puntos de este "nuevo problema". Segundo: Se busca en la base de datos on-line las evidencias que estudian este "nuevo problema". Tercero: los autores han elegido algunas variables (tecnología, problema, metodología) con las que se interpretan las evidencias halladas y cada evidencia se analiza con estas tres clases de variables. Resultado. El primer punto es que es posible identificar, en una segunda generación de estudios sobre la asociación/correlación entre UTD (Usuarios de las Tecnologías Digitales) y sus efectos en el cerebro y en la psique, como enfermedad mental. Estos estudios investigan cohortes de UTD, utilizando instrumentos Golden Standard (estandarizados y validados) y éste debería ser un asunto incuestionable. El segundo punto es que, aunque la población de UTD sea pequeña y dishomogénea, existen evidencias de enfermedad DSM-IV Ejes I y II. Acerca del problema de la dependencia/adicción hay que tener en cuenta que,. por el momento, con el DSM-IV/ICD- 10 es posible hacer un diagnostico de "dependencia" sólo con "sustancias". Hay algunas evidencias anecdóticas que muestran un problema de "dependencia/adicción" en los UTD. Consideraciones. Los autores proponen seis criterios con los que han de efectuarse los futuros estudios. Es realmente necesario organizar los estudios a nivel internacional siguiendo los seis criterios propuestos.


Palabras clave


Internet; adicción; definición; criterios; DSM-IV

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.516

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