Patología orgánica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.546Palabras clave:
Patología orgánica, cirrosis alcohólica, consumo de alcohol, revisión, síndrome alcohólico fetalResumen
El consumo crónico de alcohol se acompaña de un amplio espectro de trastornos orgánicos, derivados de la acción directa de la oxidación del alcohol y de la producción de acetaldehído, o bien de las deficiencias nutricionales asociadas. La enfermedad hepática alcohólica es una de las alteraciones más frecuentes en los alcohólicos crónicos y se caracteriza por presentar desde lesiones leves como esteatosis hasta una cirrosis hepática. También son importantes las alteraciones neurológicas, de patogenia menos clara, pero relacionadas con la acción directa del alcohol y las deficiencias nutricionales. Asimismo, es frecuente que el alcohólico crónico tenga manifestaciones del tracto gastrointestinal y páncreas, asi como trastornos hematológicos, metabólicos y endocrinos. El alcoholismo crónico también se asocia a osteoporosis y osteopenia, al desarrollo de ciertos tipos de cáncer y a la fetopatía alcohólica.Citas
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