Comorbilidad en alcohólicos ingresados. Implicaciones clínicas y sociosanitarias
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.565Palabras clave:
alcoholismo, comorbilidad, estudio retrospectivo, DSM-IV, CIE-10Resumen
Del estudio retrospectivo de 188 ingresos con el diagnóstico de alcoholismo (DSM-IV) en el Servicio de Psiquiatría de un hospital general durante el trienio 1996-1998, se aprecia una importante comorbilidad tanto de enfermedades físicas como psiquiátricas. La comorbilidad y el peso asistencial varían según el tipo de alcoholismo. En una revisión pormenorizada de las historias clínicas y de acuerdo con los criterios CIE-10 (OMS) de consumo de alcohol los tres diagnósticos encontrados fueron: Intoxicación Etílica(E.I.), Consumo Perjudicial(C.P.) y Dependencia( D). Cada uno de los tres grupos presentan su propio perfil con diferencias sociodemográficas y en las enfermedades físicas y psiquiátricas asociadas. El grupo E.I. era el de menor edad, presentaba mejor arraigo sociofamiliar, tenía estancias muy cortas y no presentaba comorbilidad. El grupo C.P. tenía una edad media de 34 años, evidentes signos de desarraigo sociolaboral y una importante comorbilidad psiquiátrica y presentaba mayor peso asistencial. EL grupo D era el de mayor edad, presentaba comorbilidad física elevada, buena integración familiar pero mala laboral y el diagnóstico psiquiátrico mas frecuente era el trastorno afectivo. La no inclusión del tipo de alcoholismo, según el DSM-IV, lleva a errores de apreciación e interpretación en muestras amplias de alcohólicos, errores que hemos encontrada con frecuencia en la revisión bibliográfica.Citas
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