Diagnóstico, aproximación terapéutica y rehabilitación del alcohólico

Autores/as

  • M. Ceccanti Centro di Riferimento Regionale delle Patologie e delle Problematiche Alcohol-Correlate Departamento de Medicina Clínica – Universidad “La Sapienza”, ROMA.
  • G. Balducci Centro di Riferimento Regionale delle Patologie e delle Problematiche Alcohol-Correlate Departamento de Medicina Clínica – Universidad “La Sapienza”, ROMA.
  • M. L. Attilia Centro di Riferimento Regionale delle Patologie e delle Problematiche Alcohol-Correlate Departamento de Medicina Clínica – Universidad “La Sapienza”, ROMA.
  • M. Romeo Centro di Riferimento Regionale delle Patologie e delle Problematiche Alcohol-Correlate Departamento de Medicina Clínica – Universidad “La Sapienza”, ROMA.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.615

Palabras clave:

alcoholismo, diagnóstico, tratamiento, rehabilitación, problemas relacionados

Resumen

El abuso de alcohol determina problemas y patología de gran importancia sanitaria y social. Se calculó que en los países occidentales, donde se vienen registrando sistemáticamente la incidencia y la prevalencia, el alcoholismo alcanza al 9% de la población con una edad superior a los catorce años. Alrededor del 20 al 40 % de los pacientes tratados en hospitales tendrían problemas relacionados con el abuso de alcohol. La aproximación terapéutica a estos pacientes debe tener en cuenta los múltiples factores que determinan el alcoholismo (biológicos, psíquicos, sociales, etc.). Se deberá en primer lugar tratar el síndrome de abstinencia, caso de producirse. En esta primera fase es importante iniciar la acogida, que debe ser dirigida a establecer un contrato terapéutico duradero con el paciente. Debe hacerse un seguimiento riguroso de las variables bio-psico-sociales para valorar las distintas alternativas terapéuticas que van desde la intervención breve hasta actuaciones más especializadas como psicoterapia individual o grupal hasta las terapias farmacológicas anticraving. También se abordan las cuestiones referentes al seguimiento y a la prevención de las recaídas.

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Publicado

1999-12-15

Número

Vol. 11 Núm. 4 (1999)

Sección

Sección europea