Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en la adolescencia. Análisis de los estudios de cohorte

Autores/as

  • S. Ledoux Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale. Unité 472: Epidemiología y Bioestadística
  • A. Sizaret Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale. Unité 472: Epidemiología y Bioestadística
  • C. Hassler Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale. Unité 472: Epidemiología y Bioestadística
  • M. Choquet Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale. Unité 472: Epidemiología y Bioestadística

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.639

Palabras clave:

análisis, adolescencia, longitudinal, sustancias psicoactivas, alcohol, tabaco, cannabis.

Resumen

Objetivo: Establecer un repertorio de los estudios longitudinales sobre el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas entre los adolescentes y realizar una síntesis de los métodos utilizados y de los resultados obtenidos.Métodos: Se siguieron dos estrategias de investigación documental: investigación bibliográfica retrospectiva y vigilancia bibliográfica mediante la interrogación de bases de datos a través de palabras clave, títulos, nombres de autor.Resultados: Se llegaron a identificar 69 estudios, la mayoría de ellos realizados entre la población escolar. Los porcentajes de atrición, instrumentos y factores de riesgo analizados varían enormemente de un estudio a otro. Los resultados confirman la naturaleza predictiva de factores como la calidad de las relaciones interpersonales, la personalidad, los antecedentes de problemas psicopatológicos, el consumo de padres y de compañeros, en la utilización de las sustancias psicoactivas. Sin embargo, los modelos multifactoriales utilizados muestran que el impacto de esos factores varía ligeramente, dependiendo de las sustancias tomadas en consideración y del momento exacto del proceso (iniciación, consumo habitual, abuso).Conclusión: Ciertas líneas de investigación requieren seguir profundizando en su estudio: los factores específicos de un consumo precoz, los factores de protección y la evolución del consumo en la edad adulta. 

Citas

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Publicado

2000-06-15

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Sección europea