Características clínicas y demográficas de bebedores “por atracones” que se relacionan con una falta de eficacia de la intervención breve y el consejo médico Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Binge Drinkers Associated with Lack of Efficacy of Brief Intervention and Medical Advice

Autores/as

  • Gabriel Rubio Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. España. Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, España. Instituto de Investigación “12 de octubre”. Madrid, España. Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
  • Juan A. López-Rodríguez Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, España. Centro de Salud Las Calesas. Atención Primaria. Madrid
  • Pilar Zuluaga Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operacional, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
  • Guillermo Ponce Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. España. Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, España. Instituto de Investigación “12 de octubre”. Madrid, España. Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid
  • Isabel Martínez-Gras Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. España. Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, España. Instituto de Investigación “12 de octubre”. Madrid, España. Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid
  • Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Arriero Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. España. Hospital Universitario “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, España. Instituto de Investigación “12 de octubre”. Madrid, España. Centro de Salud Las Calesas. Atención Primaria. Madrid

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.694

Palabras clave:

Intervención breve, Consejo médico, Atracones, Consumo perjudicial. Brief intervention, Medical advice, Binge drinking, Harmful alcohol consumption.

Resumen

La Intervención Breve (IB) y el Consejo Médico simple (CM) son intervenciones psicoterapéuticas usadas para el tratamiento del consumo de alcohol por atracones en Atención Primaria. A pesar de la frecuencia de este patrón de abuso en Europa y en los Estados Unidos, ningún estudio ha evaluado las características de los sujetos que no responden a esas dos técnicas. Objetivo. Determinar las características demográficas y clínicas de los bebedores por atracones en los que la IB y el CM no son efectivos para la reducción del consumo perjudicial de alcohol. Métodos. Se trata de un análisis secundario de los datos obtenidos en un ensayo aleatorizado de intervención breve en alcohol con un período de seguimiento de 12 meses. Un total de 674 sujetos (89%) participaron durante todo el estudio hasta el final. La variable principal fue el cambio en el uso perjudicial de alcohol tras 12 meses de seguimiento. Resultados. Para ambos grupos de tratamiento las variables que predecían la continuidad en el consumo perjudicial tras el seguimiento eran: bajo nivel educativo, ser jóvenes, el número de cigarrillos fumados, la historia familiar de alcoholismo y la gravedad del consumo de alcohol basalmente. Conclusiones. Las características clínicas y sociodemográficas de los sujetos con un patrón de consumo de alcohol por atracones atendidos en Atención primaria influyen en el pronóstico de las Intervenciones breves y del Consejo Médico.  
Brief Counseling Intervention (BCI) and Medical advice (MA) are psychotherapeutic approaches used for the treatment of binge drinkers in Primary Care. Although binge drinking is a common pattern of alcohol misuse in Europe and in the US, no studies have evaluated those subjects who do not respond to Brief Counseling Interventions or Medical Advice. Objective. To determine the clinical and demographic characteristics of binge drinkers in whom BCI or MA are not effective in reducing harmful alcohol use. Methods. This is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized alcohol brief intervention trial with a 12-month follow-up period. A total of 674 subjects (89%) participated right through to the end of the study. The primary outcome measure was change in harmful alcohol use from baseline to 12 months. Results. The strongest baseline predictors of harmful alcohol use during follow-up were educational status, young adults, and high number of cigarettes smoked, present family history of alcoholism, treatment condition and number of drinks per episode of binge drinking. Conclusions. Binge drinkers are a heterogeneous group that responds to brief intervention or MA but in a subgroup of them these interventions fail to prevent harmful alcohol use. Other interventions should be implemented for these subjects. 

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Publicado

2015-06-17

Número

Vol. 27 Núm. 2 (2015)

Sección

Originales