Comportamiento sexual bajo la influencia del alcohol en adolescentes españoles Sexual behaviour under the influence of alcohol among Spanish adolescents

Autores/as

  • José P. Espada Send correspondence to: José P. Espada Department of Health Psychology. Miguel Hernández University Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain Tel.: +34 96 665 83 44 Fax: +34 96 665 89 04
  • Alexandra Morales Miguel Hernández University
  • Mireia Orgilés Miguel Hernández University
  • José A. Piqueras Miguel Hernández University
  • José L. Carballo Miguel Hernández University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.72

Palabras clave:

Consumo de alcohol, conducta sexual, VIH, uso consistente preservativo, adolescencia Alcohol use, sexual behaviour, HIV, consistent condom use, adolescence

Resumen

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comparar el comportamiento sexual y losfactores protectores y de riesgo entre adolescentes que mantienen rela- ciones sexuales bajo la influencia del alcohol y los que no lo hacen, y de- terminar los factores predictores de la combinación sexo y drogas. Se analizaron las diferencias entre estos dos grupos en comportamiento se- xual, actitud hacia el VIH, norma subjetiva y conocimientos sobre el VIH. Mediante medidas de autoinforme fueron evaluados 1216 adolescentes españoles entre 14 y 18 años (M = 15.92, DT = .76), fueron seleccionados 297 por ser sexualmente activos. De estos, 117 informaron haber mante- nido relaciones sexuales bajo la influencia del alcohol en los últimos seis meses (51% fueron chicas). Los adolescentes que combinaron sexo y alco- hol se implicaron en mayor medida en sexo vaginal, sexo oral y sexo anal respecto a los que no lo hicieron. Haber mantenido relaciones sexuales bajo la influencia del alcohol en los últimos seis meses se relacionó con una actitud negativa hacia el uso del condón cuando existen obstáculos para su uso y menor uso consistente del preservativo. No hubo diferencias en el conocimiento sobre el VIH entre ambos grupos. Los adolescentes que combinaron sexo y alcohol presentaron en mayor medida características asociadas con el riesgo sexual. Las medidas preventivas deben atender a las características particulares de este grupo de riesgo. Se requiere mayor evidencia de los efectos del alcohol sobre el compor-tamiento sexual.
This paper aims to compare sexual behaviour and risk and protective factors between samples of adolescents who have sex under the influenceof alcohol and those who do not, and to determine predictors factors forhaving had sex under the influence of alcohol. We analysed differencesbetween these two groups in sexual practices, attitudes towards HIV, subjective norms and HIV knowledge. Drawing on survey data collectedfrom 1216 Spanish adolescents aged 14-18 (M = 15.92; SD = .76), a subset of 297 sexually experienced participants was selected. Of these,117 reported having had sex under the influence of alcohol in the pastsix months (51% girls). Adolescents who combined sex and alcohol engaged more in vaginal sex, oral sex and anal sex than those who didnot. Having had sex under the influence of alcohol in the past six monthswas associated with negative attitudes towards condom use, when thereare obstacles on using them, and less consistent condom use. Therewere no differences in knowledge about STIs/HIV between both groups.Adolescents who combined sex and alcohol showed further characteristicsassociated with sexual risk. Preventive measures must address the particular characteristics of this risk group. Further evidence is need aboutalcohol effects on sexual behaviour.

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Publicado

2013-03-01

Número

Vol. 25 Núm. 1 (2013)

Sección

Originales