Efectividad del ejercicio físico como intervención coadyuvante en las adicciones: una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.74Palabras clave:
Ejercicio físico, actividad física, intervención, dependencia de sustancias, tratamientoResumen
Dados los beneficios que aporta el ejercicio físico sobre la salud física y mental, varios autores han explorado la efectividad del mismo como tratamiento en diversas patologías, entre ellas los trastornos adictivos. Elobjetivo de este artículo fue revisar la literatura existente sobre la efecti- vidad del ejercicio físico como intervención coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la dependencia de sustancias psicoactivas. Para conseguir dicho objetivose realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos:PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, The Cochrane Library, TESEO y TDX.Se seleccionaron aquellos artículos que evaluaban la efectividad del ejer- cicio físico sobre el craving, la sintomatología de abstinencia, el mante- nimiento de la abstinencia y en el caso de la dependencia de nicotina también aquellos que evaluaban el efecto del ejercicio sobre el aumento de peso al dejar de fumar. Diecisiete artículos cumplieron los criterios de selección. La utilidad del ejercicio físico como estrategia coadyuvante en los tratamientos habituales para la dependencia de sustancias psicoactivas parece demostrada, tanto para favorecer la reducción del consumo como para facilitar la disminución del craving y la sintomatología de abstinencia, especialmente en el caso de la dependencia de nicotina. Sin embargo, especialmente en el caso de la dependencia de sustancias psicoactivas ilegales, son necesarios más estudios para llegar a resultados conclu- yentes. Destacar igualmente que se trata de un tipo de intervención bien aceptada por parte de la población adicta, hecho que la convertiría en una herramienta especialmente útil en personas en tratamiento de su trastorno adictivo.Citas
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