El alcoholismo y su abordaje desde una perspectiva ciudadana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.742Palabras clave:
alcohol, detección, prevención, tratamiento, percepción de riesgoResumen
Introducción: El objetivo del estudio es describir el consumo de alcohol de la población general española, conocer la opinión que tienen los ciudadanos de su consumo, del alcoholismo y de su abordaje terapéutico.Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal mediante encuesta telefónica que se realizó en mayo de 2015. Se seleccionó una muestra representativa de la población adulta española a quien se le preguntó acerca de su patrón de consumo de alcohol, percepción de riesgo, opinión acerca del alcoholismo, y consecuencias del consumo, y abordaje terapéutico. Se diseñó un cuestionario ad hoc utilizando el AUDIT-C para determinar el patrón de consumo. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial según las características socio-demográficas.Resultados: El 22,1% presentan un consumo de riesgo, siendo mayor en los hombres y los jóvenes. Mayoritariamente el alcoholismo es considerado una enfermedad y más del 75% de los ciudadanos coinciden que el alcohol tiene consecuencias negativas en la salud a nivel sociolaboral y familiar. La percepción de riesgo que tienen los ciudadanos de su consumo es mayor de lo esperado (37,6%). El 67,7% considera al médico de familia capacitado para atender los problemas relacionados con el consumo de alcohol, sobre todo entre las mujeres y los ciudadanos de mayor edad.Conclusiones: El consumo de riesgo es muy prevalente entre los ciudadanos españoles sobre todo entre los jóvenes (31,8%). Existe una alta autopercepción de riesgo del consumo de alcohol. La mayoría de ciudadanos coinciden que el médico de familia está capacitado para tratar el alcoholismo.Citas
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