Lesión medular y uso de sustancias: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

  • P. Lusilla-Palacios Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
  • Carmina Castellano-Tejedor Instituto de Investigación Vall d’Hebron

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.754

Palabras clave:

Lesión medular, uso de sustancias, trastorno por uso de sustancias, comportamiento adictivo, salud

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio fue el de revisar los hallazgos recientes sobre la prevalencia de uso de sustancias (US) y trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS) y discutir su impacto en la salud en población con lesiones medulares (LM). Para este propósito, se realizaron búsquedas asistidas por ordenador en MEDLINE (PubMed) y en la Biblioteca Cochrane. A partir de un conjunto inicial de 59 artículos, 52 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La mayoría de trabajos se centraban en el consumo de alcohol y tabaco, y sólo unos pocos informaron acerca del uso de otras sustancias. El tipo de diseño de investigación fue mayoritariamente transversal y descriptivo, siendo escasos los estudios de intervención y longitudinales. A pesar de la alta prevalencia de US documentada en pacientes con LM, apenas existen trabajos sobre el consumo previo a la LM y de diseño longitudinal. Además, cuando se ha evaluado el TUS, éste no se ha estudiado de forma sistemática siguiendo criterios diagnósticos CIE o DSM. El alcohol ha resultado ser la sustancia más consumida entre esta población. Además, los pacientes con US han mostrado peores puntuaciones en distintos indicadores de salud. Por ello, se necesita más investigación para seguir avanzando en este ámbito de estudio, así como para poder diseñar intervenciones preventivas más efectivas adaptadas a las necesidades específicas de esta población, y para sugerir prioridades de investigación. 

Biografía del autor/a

P. Lusilla-Palacios, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona

Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, CIBERSAM, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, España 

Carmina Castellano-Tejedor, Instituto de Investigación Vall d’Hebron

Instituto de Investigación Vall d’Hebron, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, España

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Publicado

2015-12-15

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