Experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y consumo de sustancias en universitarios Psychotic-like Experiences and Substance Use in College Students

Autores/as

  • Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación
  • Javier Ortuño-Sierra Universidad Loyola Andalucía, España.
  • Mercedes Paino Programa de Prevención en Psicosis (P3), España. Universidad de Oviedo, España.
  • José Muñiz Universidad de Oviedo, España. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM).

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.781

Palabras clave:

consumo de sustancias, adicción, psicosis, esquizotipia, cannabis, experiencias psicóticas atenuadas substance use, addiction, psychosis, schizotypy, cannabis, psychotic-like experiences

Resumen

Los trastornos del espectro esquizofrénico, así como las experiencias psicóticas, se han asociado con un mayor consumo de sustancias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación entre las experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y el consumo de sustancias en adultos jóvenes. La muestra la formaron un total de 660 participantes universitarios (M = 20,3 años; DT = 2,6). Los resultados mostraron que un 96% de la muestra informó de alguna experiencia de ideación delirante, mientras que el 20,3% informó de, al menos, una experiencia atenuada de tipo cognitivo-perceptual. El 41,1% de la muestra refirió algún consumo de sustancias, encontrándose diferencias en función del género. Los participantes consumidores informaron de un mayor número de experiencias psicóticas, sobre todo de tipo positivo. Asimismo, el consumo de alcohol predijo, en la mayoría de los casos, las puntuaciones extremas en las medidas de ideación delirante y experiencias pseudopsicóticas. La asociación entre estas dos variables parece mostrar un patrón diferenciado, encontrándose el consumo de sustancias más relacionado con las experiencias pseudo-psicóticas de tipo cognitivoperceptual. Estos hallazgos parecen apoyar los modelos dimensionales del fenotipo psicótico y permiten mejorar la comprensión de la relación entre las experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y el consumo de sustancias en adultos jóvenes. Futuros estudios deberían seguir analizando el papel de los factores de riesgo a los trastornos psicóticos, así como incorporar modelos de interacción gen x ambiente.
Psychotic disorders, as well as psychotic-like experiences and substance use, have been found to be associated. The main goal of the present study was to analyse the relationship between psychoticlike experiences and substance use in college students. The simple comprised a total of 660 participants (M = 20.3 years, SD = 2.6). The results showed that 96% of the sample reported some delusional experience, while 20.3% reported at least one positive psychotic-like experience. Some substance use was reported by 41.1% of the sample, differing in terms of gender. Substance users reported more psychoticlike experiences than non-users, especially in the positive dimension. Also, alcohol consumption predicted in most cases extreme scores on measures of delusional ideation and psychotic experiences. The association between these two variables showed a differentiated pattern, with a stronger relationship between substance use and cognitive-perceptual psychotic-like experiences. To some extent, these findings support the dimensional models of the psychosis phenotype and contribute a better understanding of the links between psychoticlike experiences and substance use in young adults. Future studies should further explore the role of different risk factors for psychotic disorders and include models of the gene-environment interaction. Keywords: Substance use; Addiction; Psychosis; Schizotypy; Cannabis; Psychotic-like experiences.

Biografía del autor/a

Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero, Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación

Universidad de La Rioja, España.Programa de Prevención en Psicosis (P3), España.Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM). 

Javier Ortuño-Sierra, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, España.

Faculty of Psychology

Mercedes Paino, Programa de Prevención en Psicosis (P3), España. Universidad de Oviedo, España.

Departamento de Psicología

José Muñiz, Universidad de Oviedo, España. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM).

Departamento de Psicología

Citas

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Publicado

2016-03-02

Número

Vol. 28 Núm. 3 (2016)

Sección

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