Impulsividad en varones con prescripción de benzodiacepinas y metadona en prisión Impulsivity in men with prescription of benzodiazepines and methadone in prison

Autores/as

  • Luis Moreno-Ramos Centro Penitenciario de Albolote, Granada
  • María José Fernández-Serrano Departamento de Psicología. Universidad de Jaén. Jaén
  • Miguel Pérez-García Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC). Universidad de Granada. Granada
  • Antonio Verdejo-García School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University. Melbourne

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.821

Palabras clave:

benzodiacepinas, metadona, impulsividad, prisión, UPPS-P, SCSR. benzodiazepines, methadone, impulsivity, prison, UPPS-P, SPSRQ.

Resumen

El consumo de benzodiacepinas y metadona se ha asociado a diversas alteraciones neuropsicológicas. Sin embargo, no conocemos estudios sobre el efecto de estas sustancias tanto de forma separada como de forma combinada en rasgos de personalidad impulsiva, y en menor medida  en población penitenciaria.  El objetivo principal de este estudio es examinar la impulsividad rasgo, medida con  el Cuestionario de Sensibilidad al Castigo Sensibilidad a la Recompensa (Torrubia, Avila, Moltó y Caseras, 2001), y la escala de Evaluación del Comportamiento Impulsivo UPPS-P (Cyders et al., 2007), en una muestra de 134 varones de un centro penitenciario con consumo de metadona, metadona y benzodiacepinas, abstinentes de consumo, y no dependientes del consumo de sustancias (criterios DSM-IV). Los resultados mostraron que los grupos de consumidores presentan mayor sensibilidad a la recompensa, urgencia positiva, urgencia negativa y búsqueda de sensaciones que los no consumidores; los grupos de consumo de metadona presentan mayor sensibilidad al castigo y falta de perseverancia. El grupo de  no consumidores presenta menor falta de perseverancia que el grupo de metadona y el grupo de metadona+benzodiacepinas. No se han encontrado diferencias específicamente del grupo de metadona+benzodiacepinas con el resto de los grupos. Como objetivo secundario, examinar, mediante análisis factorial exploratorio, qué dimensiones de personalidad impulsiva se relacionan con los dos sistemas motivacionales propuestos por Gray (SIC-SAC). Los resultados mostraron un componente definido por las subescalas sensibilidad al refuerzo, urgencia positiva, urgencia negativa y búsqueda de sensaciones, y un segundo definido por las subescalas sensibilidad al castigo, falta de perseverancia y falta de premeditación. 
Benzodiazepines and methadone use has been associated with various neuropsychological impairments. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have been carried out on the effect of these substances (either separately or combined) on impulsive personality, including studies in prisoners. The aim of this study is to examine the impulsive personality of a sample of 134 male prisoners using the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (Torrubia, Avila, Molto, & Caseras, 2001) and the UPPS-P Scale (Cyders et al., 2007). Some of these were methadone users, methadone and benzodiazepines users, polydrug users in abstinence and non-dependent drug users. The results showed that drug users have greater sensitivity to reward, positive urgency, negative urgency and sensation seeking than non-dependent users. Methadone users showed more sensitivity to punishment and lack of perseverance with respect to other users. No differences were found between methadone+benzodiazepines users and other groups. The secondary aim is to examine which impulsive personality dimensions are related to the two motivational systems proposed by Gray (BIS-BAS) using exploratory factor analysis. Results showed two different components. One component was defined by the subscales sensitivity to reinforcement, positive urgency, negative urgency and sensation seeking. The second component was defined by the subscales sensitivity to punishment, lack of perseverance and lack of premeditation.  

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Publicado

2016-06-14

Número

Vol. 28 Núm. 4 (2016)

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