¿Podemos predecir el uso de psicoestimulantes en jóvenes? Un estudio a partir de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales.

Elisardo Becoña, Ana López-Durán, Elena Fernández del Río, Úrsula Martínez, Jaime Fraga, Jesús Osorio, Manuel Arrojo, Fernanda López-Crecente, María Nieves Domínguez

Resumen


Conocer qué factores predicen el consumo de psicoestimulantes en jóvenes
es importante para el diseño de programas preventivos y para identificar
a los jóvenes que tienen una mayor probabilidad de consumir y así evitar que aparezcan los problemas derivados de dicho consumo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre la disponibilidad percibida, la percepción de riesgo, los rasgos de personalidad, los patrones de perso- nalidad antisocial y el consumo de otras sustancias en la predicción del consumo de psicoestimulantes. La muestra estuvo formada por 1.177
jóvenes (584 varones y 593 mujeres) de entre 14 y 25 años en España,
reclutados aleatoriamente, estratificados por consumo-no consumo de
psicoestimulantes (cocaína o éxtasis) alguna vez en la vida. El path que
mejor predijo el consumo de psicoestimulantes fue: rasgos de perso-nalidad-patrones de personalidad antisocial- consumo de psicoesti-mulantes.
El siguiente path fue: rasgos de personaliad- patrones de personalidad
antisocial-consumo de psicoestimulantes. La percepción de riesgo y la disponibilidad percibida fueron significativas en la predicción pero aportaron
una contribución menor. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que el
modelo evaluado es adecuado para la predicción del consumo de psico- estimulantes en jóvenes. Este modelo puede ser de utilidad para desa- rrollar estrategias preventivas y para identificar a aquellos jóvenes con riesgo de tener problemas relacionados con el consumo de drogas.

Palabras clave


psicoestimulantes; jóvenes; disponibilidad percibida; percepción de riesgo; personalidad; impulsividad; búsqueda de sensaciones

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.84

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