Validación de la prueba de detección de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y sustancias (ASSIST) en pacientes con trastorno psiquiátrico ingresados en una unidad de agudos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1496Palabras clave:
Adicción, trastorno por consumo de alcohol, trastorno por consumo de sustancias, ASSIST, salud mental, cribado.Resumen
Los objetivos fueron examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la prueba de detección de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y sustancias (ASSIST) en pacientes con trastorno psiquiátrico. Un total de 202 pacientes ingresados en psiquiatría del Hospital Clínic completaron: ASSIST, Índice de gravedad de la adicción (ASI), MINI-Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional (MINI), cuestionario de identificación de los trastornos debidos al consumo de alcohol (AUDIT), Test de Fagerström (FTND), Escala de gravedad de la dependencia (SDS) y Prueba de detección de abuso de drogas (DAST). Se obtuvieron la fiabilidad y evidencia de validez de la estructura interna (análisis factorial exploratorio/confirmatorio) y de la relación con otras variables. Se encontró excelente consistencia interna en puntuaciones de riesgo total (TSI) (α = ,92 y ω = ,93) y de cada sustancia (SSI) (α = ,88 - ,96 y ω = ,89 - ,95). La estructura interna de tabaco, alcohol y cannabis resultó en modelos unidimensionales con índices de bondad de ajuste adecuados. Las puntuaciones del ASSIST correlacionaron significativamente con: ASI (r = ,795 a r = ,953), AUDIT (r = ,864), FTND (r = ,808), DAST (r = ,831), SDS (r = ,519) y «número de diagnósticos de abuso/dependencia» en MINI-Plus (TSI: r = ,857 - ,862; SSI: r = ,646 - ,834). El análisis de curva ROC y U de Mann-Whitney mostraron evidencias de validez discriminativa. Las puntuaciones del ASSIST tienen buena fiabilidad y existen evidencias de validez para su uso en la detección del nivel de riesgo de consumo de tabaco, alcohol y sustancias en pacientes con trastorno psiquiátrico.Citas
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