Comorbilidad psiquiátrica y valores plasmáticos de 2-acilgliceroles en consumidores de alcohol en tratamiento ambulatorio. Análisis de las diferencias de género
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.728Palabras clave:
comorbilidad psiquiátrica, adicción, alcohol, ambulatorio, género, 2-acilgliceroles.Resumen
La adicción al alcohol se asocia con una elevada comorbilidad psiquiátrica que complica el tratamiento, siendo necesaria una fenotipación clínica objetiva de estos pacientes para optimizar la atención y mejorar el pronóstico. El presente estudio aborda este problema mediante los siguientes objetivos: a) estimar la prevalencia y tipos de comorbilidad psiquiátrica de una muestra de pacientes que buscan tratamiento por uso de alcohol, b) describir las diferencias de género en su presentación y c) analizar los valores plasmáticos de 2-acilgliceroles (incluyendo el endocannabinoide 2-araquidonilglicerol), estudiando su posible valor como biomarcador de alcoholismo y/o comorbilidad psiquiátrica. Para ello se reclutaron 162 pacientes evaluados con la entrevista semiestructurada PRISM, para evaluar la presencia de comorbilidad y su carácter primario o inducido. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la presencia de psicopatología se asoció a un mayor número de criterios de abuso y dependencia de alcohol Se encontraron diferencias de género tanto en la comorbilidad psiquiátrica, especialmente en trastornos del estado de ánimo. La prevalencia de comorbilidad psiquiátrica encontrada a lo largo de la vida fue del 68,5%, destacando los trastornos del estado ánimo (37%), y seguidos por el trastorno por déficit de atención (24,7%, monitorizado específicamente por la entrevista WURS) y los trastornos de ansiedad (17,9%). Entre los trastornos del estado de ánimo y psicóticos fueron más frecuentes los inducidos, mientras que en los trastornos de ansiedad los primarios fueron más prevalentes. Además, se encontraron concentraciones disminuidas significativamente de 2-acilgliceroles en pacientes con trastornos de ansiedad comórbidos diagnosticados en el último año.Citas
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