Psychoestimulants drugs use in dependence disorders
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.340Keywords:
stymulants drugs, drug dependence, methylphenidate, modafinilAbstract
Stimulant drugs prescription is a controversial and current topic in psychiatry. Drugs such as methylphenidate, amphetamine compounds and modafinil have been trialed and used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sleep conditions, cocaine dependence and as an adjunct to antidepressants for depression. All these drugs, like stimulant drugs abuse, increase extracellular dopamine in the brain.This effect is associated with reinforcing as well as therapeutic effects. Methylphenidate and modafinil treatment of ADHD are associated with a reduced risk for later substance abuse among ADHD patients. There is evidence of the beneficial effects of the use of modafinil in cocaine dependence, altough there isn´t conclusive evidence for the stimulants´ efficacy in treatment of the stimulants´ dependence. At this time, the physiopathology of drug abuse and dependence is unknown, but it´s known that the very critical point is that the reinforcing effects are associated with rapid changes in dopamine increases, whereas the therapeutic effects are associated with slowly and smoothly rising dopamine levels, such as are achieved with low doses and oral administration. Due to this, it´s necessary to study the neurobiological bases on which stimulants drugs are related, and their clinical use in dependence treatments.References
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