School, family and adolescent smoking
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.53Keywords:
smoking, adolescence, schools, teachers, familyAbstract
The socio-cultural environment is an important factor involved with the onset of smoking during adolescence. Initiation of cigarette smoking occursalmost exclusively during this stage. In this context we aimed to analyze the association of school and family factors with adolescent smoking by across-sectional study of 16 secondary schools randomly selected from theBalearic Islands involved 3673 students and 530 teachers.The prevalence of regular smoking (at least one cigarette per week) was 4.8% among first year students, 11.6% among second year students, 14.1% among third year students, 20.9% among fourth year students and 22% among teachers.Among first and second year students, there were independent associationsbetween regular smoking and adolescents’ perception of being allowed to smoke at home, belonging to a single parent family, poor relationship with parents, poor academic performance, lack of interest in studies and teachers’ perception of smoking in the presence of pupils.Among third and fourth year students, there were independent associationsbetween regular smoking and poor relationship with parents, adolescents’perception of being allowed to smoke at home, poor academic performance, lack of control over student misbehavior and the school attended.The school policies and practices affect student related health behaviorregarding smoking, independent of individual and family factors.References
Alexander, C., Piazza, M., Mekos, D. y Valente, T. (2001). Peers, schools,
and adolescent cigarette smoking. Journal of Adolescence Health, 29, 22-30.doi: 10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00210-5.
Aveyard, P., Markham, W. A. y Cheng, K. K. (2004). A methodological and substantive review of the evidence that schools cause pupils to smoke. Social Science y Medicine, 58, 2253-2265. doi:10.1016 j.socscimed.2003.08.012
Aveyard, P., Markham, W. A., Lancashire, E., Almond, J., Griffiths, R. y
Cheng, K. K. (2005). Is inter-school variation in smoking uptake and cessation due to differences in pupil composition? A cohort study. Health y Place., 11, 55-65. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2004.02.001
Barnett, T. A., Gauvin, L., Lambert, M., O’Loughlin, J., Paradis, G. y McGrath, J. J. (2007). The influence of school smoking policies on student tobacco use. Archives of Pediatrics y Adolescent Medicine, 161, 842-848. doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.9.842.
Barrueco, M., Hernandez-Mezquita, M. A., Jimenez-Ruiz, C., Torrecilla,
M., Vega, M. T. y Garrido, E. (2000). Attitudes of teachers about tobacco prevention at school. Allergologia et Immunopathologia, 28, 219-224.
Bewley, B. R., Johnson, M. R. y Banks, M. H. (1979). Teachers’ smoking.
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 33, 219-222.
Comín, E. , Torrubia, R,, Mor, J., Villalbi, J. R. y Nebot, M. (1997). The
reliability of a self-administered questionnaire for investigation of the level of exercise, smoking habit and alcohol intake in school children. Medicina Clínica, 8, 293-8.
Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2008). Informe ESTUDES 2008. Encuesta estatal sobre uso de drogas en estudiantes de enseñanzas secundarias. Recuperado de: [http://
www.pnsd.msc.es/Categoria2/observa/pdf/Estudes2008.pdf.].
de Moor, C., Cookson, K., Elder, J. P., Young, R., Molgaard, C. A. y Wildey,
M. (1992). The association between teacher attitudes, behavioral intentions, and smoking and the prevalence of smoking among seventh-grade students. Adolescence, 27, 565-578.
de Vries, H., Engels, R., Kremers, S., Wetzels, J. y Mudde, A. (2003).
Parents’ and friends’ smoking status as predictors of smoking onset:
findings from six European countries. Health Education Research,
, 627-636. doi: 10.1093/her/cyg032
Flay, B. R. (1999). Understanding environmental, situational and intrapersonal risk and protective factors for youth tobacco use: the Theory of Triadic Influence. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 1 (Suppl 2), S111-S114. doi: 10.1080/14622299050011911
Flay, B. R., Hu, F. B., Siddiqui, O., Day, L. E., Hedeker, D., Petraitis, J.,…
Sussman, S. (1994). Differential influence of parental smoking and
friends’ smoking on adolescent initiation and escalation of smoking.
Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 35, 248-265.
Gómez, C. G., Barrueco, F. M., Maderuelo, F. A., Aparicio, C. I. y Torrecilla, G. M. (2008). Predictive factors of smoking behaviour in secondary school children. Anales de Pediatría, 68, 454-461. doi:10.1157/13120042
Jackson, C., Henriksen, L., Dickinson, D. y Levine, D. W. (1997). The early
use of alcohol and tobacco: its relation to children’s competence and parents’ behavior. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 359-64.
Merlo, J., Chaix, B., Ohlsson, H., Beckman, A., Johnell, K., Hjerpe, P.,…
Larsen, K. (2006). A brief conceptual tutorial of multilevel analysis in social epidemiology: using measures of clustering in multilevel logistic regression to investigate contextual phenomena. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60, 290-297. doi:10.1136/jech.2004.029454
Moore, L., Roberts, C. y Tudor-Smith, C. (2001). School smoking policies
and smoking prevalence among adolescents: multilevel analysis of cross-sectional data from Wales. Tobacco Control, 10, 117-123. doi:10.1136/tc.10.2.117
Murray, M., Kiryluk, S. y Swan, A. V. (1984). School characteristics and adolescent smoking. Results from the MRC/Derbyshire Smoking Study 1974-8 and from a follow up in 1981. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 38, 167-172.
Nebot, M., Tomas, Z., Ariza, C., Valmayor, S., Lopez, M. J. y Juarez, O.
(2004). Factors Associated With Smoking Onset: 3-Year Cohort Study of Schoolchildren. Archivos de Bronconeumología, 40, 495-501.
O’Loughlin, J., Karp, I., Koulis, T., Paradis, G. y Difranza, J. (2009).
Determinants of first puff and daily cigarette smoking in adolescents. American Journal of Epidemiology, 170, 585-597. doi:10.1093/aje/kwp179
Pérez-Milena A., Martínez-Fernández, M. A., Redondo-Olmedilla, M., Nieto C. Á., Pulido I. J. y Gallardo, I. M. (2012). Motivations for tobacco consumption among adolescents in an urban high school. Gaceta Sanitaria, 26, 51-57. doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.03.021
Peto, R. (1994). Smoking and death: the past 40 years and the next 40.
British Medical Journal, 309, 937-939.
Peto, R., Lopez, A. D., Boreham, J., Thun, M., Heath, C., Jr., y Doll, R.
(1996). Mortality from smoking worldwide. British Medical Bulletin, 52, 12-21.
Piontek, D., Buehler, A., Rudolph, U., Metz, K., Kroeger, C., Gradl, S.,…
Donath, C. (2008). Social contexts in adolescent smoking: does school policy matter? Health Educational Research, 23, 1029-1038.
doi: 10.1093/her/cym063
Rabe-Hesjeth S y Slymen, D. J. (2008). Multilevel and longitudinal modeling using stata. (2 ed.) Texas.
Richardson, J. L., Radziszewska, B., Dent, C. W. y Flay, B. R. (1993).
Relationship between after-school care of adolescents and substance use, risk taking, depressed mood, and academic achievement. Pediatrics, 92, 32-8.
Robinson, L. A., Dalton, W. T. 3rd, y Nicholson, L. M. (2006). Changes
in adolescents’ sources of cigarettes. Journal of Adolescence Health, 39, 861-867. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.06.004
Sargent, J. D. y Dalton, M. (2001). Does parental disapproval of smoking
prevent adolescents from becoming established smokers? Pediatrics,
, 1256-1262. doi: 10.1542/peds.108.6.1256
Thomas, R. y Perera, R. (2006). School-based programmes for preventing
smoking. Cochrane Database System Revision, 3:CD001293.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001293.pub2
Virtanen, M., Pietikainen, M., Kivimaki, M., Luopa, P., Jokela, J., Elovainio,
M. y Vahtera, J . (2009). Contribution of parental and school personnel smoking to health risk behaviours among Finnish adolescents. BMC Public Health, 9, 382. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-382
Wakefield, M. A., Chaloupka, F. J., Kaufman, N. J., Orleans, C. T., Barker,
D. C., y Ruel, E. E. (2000). Effect of restrictions on smoking at home, at school, and in public places on teenage smoking: cross sectional study. British Medical Journal, 321, 333-337. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7257.333
Yanez, A. M., Lopez, R., Serra-Batlles, J., Roger, N., Arnau, A. y Roura, P.
(2006). Smoking among adolescents: population study on parental and school influences. Archivos de Bronconeumología, 42, 21-24.
