Diferencias de género en la prevalencia de los trastornos por uso de alcohol del DSM-IV en adolescentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.54Keywords:
adolescentes, trastornos por uso de alcohol, abuso de alcohol, dependencia de alcohol, diferencias de géneroAbstract
Las encuestas sobre el uso de alcohol en los adolescentes en Europa no suelen proporcionar información sobre los criterios para el diagnóstico de trastornos por uso alcohol (TUA) o la prevalencia de dichos trastornos. En este estudio se valora la prevalencia de TUA en una muestra de adolescentes españoles, y se identifican los síntomas más prevalentes, asícomo las diferencias de género en TUA en esta población. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 504 participantes de entre 15 y 18 años. Se realizó un muestreo al azar de todas las escuelas del Principado de Asturias (España).La presencia de abuso de alcohol (AA) y la dependencia del alcohol (DA) fue evaluada según el DSM-IV-TR. Los resultados mostraron que el 12,5% de la muestra cumplía criterios para el diagnóstico de TUA (6,7% AA y 5,8%DA). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron tener problemas sociales para eldiagnóstico de AA (9% de los participantes que habían bebido en el últimoaño) y tolerancia para el diagnóstico de DA (45,8% de los participantes quehabían bebido en el último año). Los varones mostraron una puntuaciónsignificativamente más alta que las mujeres en TUA, AA y dos criterios deAA (consumo imprudente y problemas legales). La prevalencia de TUA en los adolescentes españoles es muy alta. Los varones son más propensos que las mujeres a cumplir criterios de TUA y AA, aunque no de DA. Estos hallazgos revelan un problema de salud grave y ponen de relieve la necesidad de desarrollar esfuerzos coordinados de prevención e intervenciones tempranas de los problemas de uso de alcohol.References
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